{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:13:47Z","timestamp":1789002827774,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n The goal of this study was to perform a systematic quantitative comparison of the surgical outcomes between cystic vestibular schwannomas (CVSs) and solid vestibular schwannomas (SVSs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A review of English-language literature published between 1990 and 2011 was performed using various search engines including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database. Only studies that reported surgical results of CVSs in comparison with SVSs were included in the analysis. The primary end point of this study was surgical outcomes, defined by the following: 1) facial nerve outcomes at latest follow-up; 2) mortality rates; or 3) non\u2013facial nerve complication index. Secondary end points included extent of resection and brainstem adherence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Nine studies comprising 428 CVSs and 1287 SVSs were included in the study. The mean age of patients undergoing surgery was 48.3 \u00b1 6.75 and 47.1 \u00b1 9 years for CVSs and SVSs, respectively (p = 0.8). The mean tumor diameter for CVSs was 3.9 \u00b1 0.84 cm and that for SVSs was 3.7 \u00b1 1.2 cm (p = 0.7). There was no significant difference in the extent of resection among CVSs and SVSs (81.2% vs 80.7%, p = 0.87) Facial nerve outcomes were significantly better in the cohort of patients with SVSs than in those with CVSs (52.1% vs 39%, p = 0.0001). The perioperative mortality rates for CVSs and SVSs were not significantly different (3% and 3.8%, respectively; p = 0.6). No significant difference was noted between the cumulative non\u2013facial nerve complication rate (including mortality) among patients with CVSs and SVSs (24.5% and 25.6%, respectively; p = 0.75)<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Facial nerve outcomes are worse in patients undergoing resection for CVSs than in patients undergoing resection for SVSs. There were no significant differences in the extent of resection or postoperative morbidity and mortality rates between the cohorts of patients with vestibular schwannomas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.6.focus12200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T12:14:35Z","timestamp":1346501675000},"page":"E12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Do cystic vestibular schwannomas have worse surgical outcomes? Systematic analysis of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jai Deep","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imad Saeed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric D.","family":"Shorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Sonig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gale L.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Guthikonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0330012","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"209","article-title":"Cystic versus solid vestibular schwannomas: a series of 80 grade III-IV patients","volume":"28","author":"Benech","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2-0330012","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"795","article-title":"Haemorrhagic acoustic neuroma with features of a vascular malformation. A case report","volume":"41","author":"Benhaiem-Sigaux","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3-0330012","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Histopathology and growth pattern of cystic acoustic neuromas","volume":"104","author":"Charabi","year":"1994"},{"key":"b4-0330012","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"375","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannomas: neuroimaging and growth rate","volume":"108","author":"Charabi","year":"1994"},{"key":"b5-0330012","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neuromas. Results of translabyrinthine surgery","volume":"120","author":"Charabi","year":"1994"},{"key":"b6-0330012","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"935","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannoma: surgical outcome","volume":"114","author":"Fundov\u00e1","year":"2000"},{"key":"b7-0330012","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"677","article-title":"Current epidemiology and management trends in acoustic neuroma","volume":"142","author":"Gal","year":"2010"},{"key":"b8-0330012","series-title":"Radiat Med","first-page":"65","article-title":"Hemorrhage and abnormal veins in acoustic neurinoma: MR findings","volume":"14","author":"Ishii","year":"1996"},{"key":"b9-0330012","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"874","article-title":"Implications of cystic features in vestibular schwannomas of patients undergoing microsurgical resection","volume":"68","author":"Jian","year":"2011"},{"key":"b10-0330012","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"281","article-title":"Are facial nerve outcomes worse following surgery for cystic vestibular schwannoma?","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-0330012","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"127","article-title":"The long-term growth rate of residual acoustic neurinomas","volume":"129","author":"Kameyama","year":"1994"},{"key":"b12-0330012","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"695","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neurinomas: studies of 14 cases","volume":"138","author":"Kameyama","year":"1996"},{"key":"b13-0330012","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"642","article-title":"New and modified reporting systems from the consensus meeting on systems for reporting results in vestibular schwannoma","volume":"24","author":"Kanzaki","year":"2003"},{"key":"b14-0330012","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"319","article-title":"Transmural passage of subarachnoid metrizamide into a cystic acoustic schwannoma of the cerebellopontine angle: a diagnostic dilemma","volume":"26","author":"Kingsley","year":"1984"},{"key":"b15-0330012","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"764","article-title":"Acoustic neurinoma presenting as intratumoral bleeding","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"1989"},{"key":"b16-0330012","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"427","article-title":"The proliferative activity of neurilemomas","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"1989"},{"key":"b17-0330012","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cystic lesions accompanying extra-axial tumours","volume":"41","author":"Lohle","year":"1999"},{"key":"b18-0330012","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"120","article-title":"Cystic acoustic schwannomas","volume":"110","author":"Lunardi","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19-0330012","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"347","article-title":"Analysis of patterns of care of brain tumor patients in the United States: a study of the Brain Tumor Section of the AANS and the CNS and the Commission on Cancer of the ACS","volume":"36","author":"Mahaley","year":"1990"},{"key":"b20-0330012","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"550","article-title":"Giant vestibular schwannomas: focusing on the differences between the solid and the cystic variants","volume":"22","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-0330012","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"866","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannomas: a possible role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cyst development and unfavorable surgical outcome","volume":"106","author":"Moon","year":"2007"},{"key":"b22-0330012","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"453","article-title":"Multicystic acoustic neurinoma: report of two cases","volume":"9","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2002"},{"key":"b23-0330012","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"576","article-title":"Microhemorrhage, a possible mechanism for cyst formation in vestibular schwannomas","volume":"105","author":"Park","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b24-0330012","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"103","article-title":"Acoustic neurinomas with macrocysts treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"66","author":"Pendl","year":"1996"},{"key":"b25-0330012","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"826","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannoma: classification, management, and facial nerve outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2009"},{"key":"b26-0330012","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"527","article-title":"Improved preservation of hearing and facial nerve function in vestibular schwannoma surgery via the retrosigmoid approach in a series of 200 patients","volume":"105","author":"Samii","year":"2006"},{"key":"b27-0330012","series-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol","first-page":"59","article-title":"Vascular permeability changes in tumours of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"420","author":"Schober","year":"1992"},{"key":"b28-0330012","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for vestibular schwannoma (VS): comparison between cystic-type and solid-type VS","volume":"48","author":"Shirato","year":"2000"},{"key":"b29-0330012","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"511","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neuromas: surgical outcome in a series of 58 patients","volume":"15","author":"Sinha","year":"2008"},{"key":"b30-0330012","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"215","article-title":"Acoustic neuroma: predominance of Antoni type B cells in tumors of patients with vestibular paresis","volume":"22","author":"Stipkovits","year":"2001"},{"key":"b31-0330012","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Cystic acoustic schwannomas: MR characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Tali","year":"1993"},{"key":"b32-0330012","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"253","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neuroma","volume":"12","author":"Wandong","year":"2005"},{"key":"b33-0330012","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"453","article-title":"Removal of large acoustic neurinomas (vestibular schwannomas) by the retrosigmoid approach with no mortality and minimal morbidity","volume":"75","author":"Yamakami","year":"2004"},{"key":"b1-0330012","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"209","article-title":"Cystic versus solid vestibular schwannomas: a series of 80 grade III-IV patients","volume":"28","author":"Benech","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2-0330012","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"795","article-title":"Haemorrhagic acoustic neuroma with features of a vascular malformation. A case report","volume":"41","author":"Benhaiem-Sigaux","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3-0330012","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Histopathology and growth pattern of cystic acoustic neuromas","volume":"104","author":"Charabi","year":"1994"},{"key":"b4-0330012","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"375","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannomas: neuroimaging and growth rate","volume":"108","author":"Charabi","year":"1994"},{"key":"b5-0330012","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neuromas. Results of translabyrinthine surgery","volume":"120","author":"Charabi","year":"1994"},{"key":"b6-0330012","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"935","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannoma: surgical outcome","volume":"114","author":"Fundov\u00e1","year":"2000"},{"key":"b7-0330012","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"677","article-title":"Current epidemiology and management trends in acoustic neuroma","volume":"142","author":"Gal","year":"2010"},{"key":"b8-0330012","series-title":"Radiat Med","first-page":"65","article-title":"Hemorrhage and abnormal veins in acoustic neurinoma: MR findings","volume":"14","author":"Ishii","year":"1996"},{"key":"b9-0330012","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"874","article-title":"Implications of cystic features in vestibular schwannomas of patients undergoing microsurgical resection","volume":"68","author":"Jian","year":"2011"},{"key":"b10-0330012","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"281","article-title":"Are facial nerve outcomes worse following surgery for cystic vestibular schwannoma?","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-0330012","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"127","article-title":"The long-term growth rate of residual acoustic neurinomas","volume":"129","author":"Kameyama","year":"1994"},{"key":"b12-0330012","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"695","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neurinomas: studies of 14 cases","volume":"138","author":"Kameyama","year":"1996"},{"key":"b13-0330012","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"642","article-title":"New and modified reporting systems from the consensus meeting on systems for reporting results in vestibular schwannoma","volume":"24","author":"Kanzaki","year":"2003"},{"key":"b14-0330012","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"319","article-title":"Transmural passage of subarachnoid metrizamide into a cystic acoustic schwannoma of the cerebellopontine angle: a diagnostic dilemma","volume":"26","author":"Kingsley","year":"1984"},{"key":"b15-0330012","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"764","article-title":"Acoustic neurinoma presenting as intratumoral bleeding","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"1989"},{"key":"b16-0330012","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"427","article-title":"The proliferative activity of neurilemomas","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"1989"},{"key":"b17-0330012","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cystic lesions accompanying extra-axial tumours","volume":"41","author":"Lohle","year":"1999"},{"key":"b18-0330012","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"120","article-title":"Cystic acoustic schwannomas","volume":"110","author":"Lunardi","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19-0330012","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"347","article-title":"Analysis of patterns of care of brain tumor patients in the United States: a study of the Brain Tumor Section of the AANS and the CNS and the Commission on Cancer of the ACS","volume":"36","author":"Mahaley","year":"1990"},{"key":"b20-0330012","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"550","article-title":"Giant vestibular schwannomas: focusing on the differences between the solid and the cystic variants","volume":"22","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-0330012","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"866","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannomas: a possible role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cyst development and unfavorable surgical outcome","volume":"106","author":"Moon","year":"2007"},{"key":"b22-0330012","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"453","article-title":"Multicystic acoustic neurinoma: report of two cases","volume":"9","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2002"},{"key":"b23-0330012","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"576","article-title":"Microhemorrhage, a possible mechanism for cyst formation in vestibular schwannomas","volume":"105","author":"Park","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b24-0330012","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"103","article-title":"Acoustic neurinomas with macrocysts treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"66","author":"Pendl","year":"1996"},{"key":"b25-0330012","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"826","article-title":"Cystic vestibular schwannoma: classification, management, and facial nerve outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2009"},{"key":"b26-0330012","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"527","article-title":"Improved preservation of hearing and facial nerve function in vestibular schwannoma surgery via the retrosigmoid approach in a series of 200 patients","volume":"105","author":"Samii","year":"2006"},{"key":"b27-0330012","series-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol","first-page":"59","article-title":"Vascular permeability changes in tumours of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"420","author":"Schober","year":"1992"},{"key":"b28-0330012","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for vestibular schwannoma (VS): comparison between cystic-type and solid-type VS","volume":"48","author":"Shirato","year":"2000"},{"key":"b29-0330012","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"511","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neuromas: surgical outcome in a series of 58 patients","volume":"15","author":"Sinha","year":"2008"},{"key":"b30-0330012","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"215","article-title":"Acoustic neuroma: predominance of Antoni type B cells in tumors of patients with vestibular paresis","volume":"22","author":"Stipkovits","year":"2001"},{"key":"b31-0330012","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Cystic acoustic schwannomas: MR characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Tali","year":"1993"},{"key":"b32-0330012","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"253","article-title":"Cystic acoustic neuroma","volume":"12","author":"Wandong","year":"2005"},{"key":"b33-0330012","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"453","article-title":"Removal of large acoustic neurinomas (vestibular schwannomas) by the retrosigmoid approach with no mortality and minimal morbidity","volume":"75","author":"Yamakami","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical 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