{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1768485623952,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors undertook this study to investigate the incidence, cause, and clinical influence of short circuits in patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After the incidental identification of a short circuit during routine follow-up, the authors initiated a policy at their institution of routinely evaluating both therapeutic impedance and system impendence at every outpatient DBS follow-up visit, irrespective of the presence of symptoms suggesting possible system malfunction. This study represents a report of their findings after 1 year of this policy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Implanted DBS leads exhibiting short circuits were identified in 7 patients (8.9% of the patients seen for outpatient follow-up examinations during the 12-month study period). The mean duration from DBS lead implantation to the discovery of the short circuit was 64.7 months. The symptoms revealing short circuits included the wearing off of therapeutic effect, apraxia of eyelid opening, or dysarthria in 6 patients with Parkinson disease (PD), and dystonia deterioration in 1 patient with generalized dystonia. All DBS leads with short circuits had been anchored to the cranium using titanium miniplates. Altering electrode settings resulted in clinical improvement in the 2 PD cases in which patients had specific symptoms of short circuits (2.5%) but not in the other 4 cases. The patient with dystonia underwent repositioning and replacement of a lead because the previous lead was located too anteriorly, but did not experience symptom improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In contrast to the sudden loss of clinical efficacy of DBS caused by an open circuit, short circuits may arise due to a gradual decrease in impedance, causing the insidious development of neurological symptoms via limited or extended potential fields as well as shortened battery longevity. The incidence of short circuits in DBS may be higher than previously thought, especially in cases in which DBS leads are anchored with miniplates. The circuit impedance of DBS should be routinely checked, even after a long history of DBS therapy, especially in cases of miniplate anchoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.8.jns112073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,7]],"date-time":"2012-09-07T13:57:03Z","timestamp":1347026223000},"page":"955-961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Short circuit in deep brain stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Samura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Digital Medicine Initiative, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Medicine Initiative, and"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takehito","family":"Hayami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Medicine Initiative, and"},{"name":"Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Medicine Initiative, and"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuo","family":"Katano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Kamikaseda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Kaizuka Hospital, Fukuoka; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns112073","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Stability of symptom control after replacement of impulse generators for deep brain stimulation. Clinical article","volume":"110","author":"Allert","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-jns112073","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling parkinsonian circuitry and the DBS electrode. I. Biophysical background and software","volume":"86","author":"Arle","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-jns112073","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Hardware-related complications of deep brain stimulation: a ten year experience","volume":"147","author":"Blomstedt","year":"2005"},{"key":"b4-jns112073","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2053","article-title":"Surgical and hardware complications of deep brain stimulation. A seven-year experience and review of the literature","volume":"152","author":"Boviatsis","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5-jns112073","series-title":"Rev Neurol","first-page":"123","article-title":"Topographie des faisceaux de projection du cortex dans la capsule interne et dans le p\u00e9doncule c\u00e9r\u00e9bral","volume":"110","author":"Brion","year":"1964"},{"key":"b6-jns112073","series-title":"Asian J Surg","first-page":"258","article-title":"Complications of deep brain stimulation: a collective review","volume":"32","author":"Chan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b7-jns112073","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","first-page":"194","article-title":"Reducing hardware-related complications of deep brain stimulation","volume":"32","author":"Constantoyannis","year":"2005"},{"key":"b8-jns112073","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"89","article-title":"Long-term surgical and hardware-related complications of deep brain stimulation","volume":"89","author":"Doshi","year":"2011"},{"key":"b9-jns112073","series-title":"JAAPA","first-page":"39","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: a review of the procedure and the complications","volume":"24","author":"Farris","year":"2011"},{"key":"b10-jns112073","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"755","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation hardware complications: the role of electrode impedance and current measurements","volume":"23","author":"Farris","year":"2008"},{"key":"b11-jns112073","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Anchoring of deep brain stimulation electrodes using a microplate. Technical note","volume":"85","author":"Favre","year":"1996"},{"issue":"Suppl 14","key":"b12-jns112073","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"S259","article-title":"Electrophysiological mapping for the implantation of deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease and tremor","volume":"21","author":"Gross","year":"2006"},{"key":"b13-jns112073","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"248","article-title":"Hardware-related complications of deep brain stimulation: a review of the published literature","volume":"84","author":"Hamani","year":"2006"},{"key":"b14-jns112073","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"208","article-title":"Tolerance and tremor rebound following long-term chronic thalamic stimulation for Parkinsonian and essential tremor","volume":"72","author":"Hariz","year":"1999"},{"key":"b15-jns112073","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"296","article-title":"Avoidance and management of surgical and hardware-related complications of deep brain stimulation","volume":"88","author":"Hu","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 3","key":"b16-jns112073","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"S175","article-title":"Hardware-related problems of deep brain stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Joint","year":"2002"},{"key":"b17-jns112073","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"173","article-title":"Direct localization of subthalamic nucleus supplemented by single-track electrophysiological guidance in deep brain stimulation lead implantation: techniques and clinical results","volume":"86","author":"Koike","year":"2008"},{"key":"b18-jns112073","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"228","article-title":"Hardware-related complications after placement of thalamic deep brain stimulator systems","volume":"79","author":"Kondziolka","year":"2002"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b19-jns112073","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"S188","article-title":"Postoperative management of subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Krack","year":"2002"},{"key":"b20-jns112073","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"612","article-title":"Surgical and hardware complications of subthalamic stimulation: a series of 160 procedures","volume":"63","author":"Lyons","year":"2004"},{"key":"b21-jns112073","series-title":"Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"589","article-title":"Electric field and stimulating influence generated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"115","author":"McIntyre","year":"2004"},{"key":"b22-jns112073","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1476","article-title":"Implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes in unshaved patients. Technical note","volume":"97","author":"Miyagi","year":"2002"},{"key":"b23-jns112073","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"989","article-title":"Brain shift: an error factor during implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes","volume":"107","author":"Miyagi","year":"2007"},{"key":"b24-jns112073","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"153","article-title":"Mechanical failure of the electrode wire in deep brain stimulation","volume":"10","author":"Mohit","year":"2004"},{"key":"b25-jns112073","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1268","article-title":"Long-term hardware-related complications of deep brain stimulation","volume":"50","author":"Oh","year":"2002"},{"key":"b26-jns112073","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"532","article-title":"A case-based review of troubleshooting deep brain stimulator issues in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"14","author":"Okun","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"b27-jns112073","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"119","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation performed with limited intraoperative mapping for treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"61","author":"Tabbal","year":"2007"},{"key":"b28-jns112073","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"868","article-title":"Deep-brain stimulation: long-term analysis of complications caused by hardware and surgery\u2014experiences from a single centre","volume":"77","author":"Voges","year":"2006"},{"key":"b29-jns112073","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"783","article-title":"Dual-floor burr hole adjusted to burr-hole ring and cap for implantation of stimulation electrodes. Technical note","volume":"99","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2003"},{"key":"b30-jns112073","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"243","article-title":"Increased risk of lead fracture and migration in dystonia compared with other movement disorders following deep brain stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Yianni","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/117\/5\/article-p955.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/117\/5\/article-p955.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/117\/5\/article-p955.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T23:05:17Z","timestamp":1679871917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/117\/5\/article-p955.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.8.jns112073","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}