{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:40:04Z","timestamp":1790350804034,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurosurgery is a high-risk specialty currently undertaking the pursuit of systematic approaches to reducing risk and to measuring and improving outcomes. The authors performed a review of patterns and frequencies of adverse events in neurosurgery as background for future efforts directed at the improvement of quality and safety in neurosurgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>They found 6 categories of contributory factors in neurosurgical adverse events, categorizing the events as influenced by issues in surgical technique, perioperative medical management, use of and adherence to protocols, preoperative optimization, technology, and communication. There was a wide distribution of reported occurrence rates for many of the adverse events, in part due to the absence of definitive literature in this area and to the lack of standardized reporting systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>On the basis of their analysis, the authors identified 5 priority recommendations for improving outcomes for neurosurgical patients at a population level: 1) development and implementation of a national registry for outcome data and monitoring; 2) full integration of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist into the operating room workflow, which improves fundamental aspects of surgical care such as adherence to antibiotic protocols and communication within surgical teams; and 3\u20135) activity by neurosurgical societies to drive increased standardization for the safety of specialized equipment used by neurosurgeons (3), more widespread regionalization and\/or subspecialization (4), and establishment of data-driven guidelines and protocols (5). The fraction of adverse events that might be avoided if proposed strategies to improve practice and decrease variability are fully adopted remains to be determined. The authors hope that this consolidation of what is currently known and practiced in neurosurgery, the application of relevant advances in other fields, and attention to proposed strategies will serve as a basis for informed and concerted efforts to improve outcomes and patient safety in neurosurgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.focus12184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T09:58:51Z","timestamp":1351763931000},"page":"E1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events and proposed strategies for reduction"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health;"},{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health and"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health;"},{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health and"},{"name":"Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward R.","family":"Laws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. John","family":"Popp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul A.","family":"Gawande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health;"},{"name":"Center for Surgery and Public Health and"},{"name":"Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0330001","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2-0330001","series-title":"Eliminating CLABSI: A National Patient Safety Imperative. A Progress Report on the National On the CUSP: Stop BSI Project","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3-0330001","series-title":"Information Statement: Wrong-Site Surgery","author":"American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons"},{"key":"b4-0330001","series-title":"Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Newsletter","author":"Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation","year":"1989"},{"key":"b5-0330001","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"365","article-title":"Clinical vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: response to hypervolemic hemodilution and arterial hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Awad","year":"1987"},{"key":"b6-0330001","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"589","article-title":"The impact of a formal mentoring program for minimally invasive surgery on surgeon practice and patient outcomes","volume":"193","author":"Birch","year":"2007"},{"key":"b7-0330001","series-title":"J Vasc Surg","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Reduction of 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esophagectomy outcomes in hospitals meeting Leapfrog volume outcome standards","volume":"91","author":"Varghese","year":"2011"},{"key":"b59-0330001","series-title":"Patient Saf Surg","article-title":"Timing of preoperative antibiotics for knee arthroplasties: improving the routines in Sweden","volume":"5","author":"W-Dahl","year":"2011"},{"key":"b60-0330001","series-title":"Int J Qual Health Care","first-page":"365","article-title":"Perspectives in quality: designing the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist","volume":"22","author":"Weiser","year":"2010"},{"key":"b61-0330001","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2694","article-title":"Relationship between Medicare's hospital compare performance measures and mortality rates","volume":"296","author":"Werner","year":"2006"},{"issue":"11 Suppl","key":"b62-0330001","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"S2","article-title":"To err is human: quality and safety issues in spine care","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"b63-0330001","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E16","article-title":"Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events: intracranial neoplasm surgery","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"b64-0330001","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events: cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"b65-0330001","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E15","article-title":"Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events: open cerebrovascular neurosurgery","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"b66-0330001","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E14","article-title":"Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events: endovascular 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