{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:58:16Z","timestamp":1783774696305,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to multiple sclerosis (TN-MS) and idiopathic TN (ITN) who underwent glycerol rhizotomy (GR) and radiofrequency thermocoagulation with glycerol rhizotomy (RFTC-GR) were compared to investigate the effectiveness of these percutaneous ablative procedures in the TN-MS population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between 1998 and 2010, 822 patients with typical TN were evaluated; 63 (8%) had TN-MS and 759 (92%) had ITN. Pain relief comparisons were made between 22 GR procedures in patients with TN-MS and 470 GR procedures in patients with ITN; 50 RFTC-GR procedures in patients with TN-MS and 287 RFTC-GR procedures in patients with ITN were compared. Analysis of time to recurrence included only procedures that achieved complete pain relief without medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After 15 of the GR procedures (68%) in patients with TN-MS and 315 of the procedures (67%) in those with ITN, the patients were pain free without medications (p = 0.736). After 36 of the RFTC-GR procedures (72%) in patients with TN-MS and 210 of the procedures (73%) in those with ITN, the patients were pain free without medications (p = 0.657). The difference in pain relief between GR and RFTC-GR for patients with TN-MS was not significant (p = 0.447). The median time to failure of GR was 20 months in patients with TN-MS compared with 25 months in those with ITN (p = 0.403). The median time to failure of RFTC-GR was 26 months in the TN-MS population compared with 21 months in the ITN population (p = 0.449). Patients with TN-MS experienced similar times to recurrence whether they were treated with GR or RFTC-GR (p = 0.431).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pain relief and durability of relief outcomes of GR and RFTC-GR were similar in patients with TN-MS and ITN, reinforcing their use as preferred treatments of TN-MS. The GR and RFTC-GR achieved comparable outcomes in patients with TN-MS, suggesting that both can be used to good effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.jns1226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,2]],"date-time":"2012-11-02T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1351864846000},"page":"329-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Glycerol rhizotomy and radiofrequency thermocoagulation for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Bender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Pradilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred P.","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology,"},{"name":"Pathology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Plastic Surgery, and"},{"name":"Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns1226","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690500495067","article-title":"Some patients with multiple sclerosis have neurovascular compression causing their trigeminal neuralgia and can be treated effectively with MVD: report of five cases","volume":"19","author":"Athanasiou","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2-jns1226","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198706000-00015","article-title":"Balloon compression rhizolysis in the surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"20","author":"Belber","year":"1987"},{"key":"b3-jns1226","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199502000-00009","article-title":"Influence of previous treatment on outcome after glycerol rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"36","author":"Bergenheim","year":"1995"},{"key":"b4-jns1226","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100002626","article-title":"The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis using percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy","volume":"30","author":"Berk","year":"2003"},{"key":"b5-jns1226","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000070830","article-title":"Technical difficulties and perioperative complications of retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"79","author":"Blomstedt","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6-jns1226","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1982.00510160025004","article-title":"Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy. 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