{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:43:34Z","timestamp":1776357814063,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Subthalamotomy is a stereotactic surgery performed in patients with disabling dyskinesias due to Parkinson disease. The authors set out to model this human condition in MPTP monkeys and determine if subthalamotomy allowed a reduction of levodopa for similar benefit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors performed unilateral subthalamotomy in 4 parkinsonian dyskinetic monkeys by stereotactic injection of ibotenic acid. An optimal dose, defined as the highest dose of levodopa improving parkinsonian motor symptoms while inducing low or no dyskinesias, was established in these animals. Each monkey was scored for the antiparkinsonian and dyskinetic effects of the optimal dose of levodopa, as well as suboptimal and dyskinesia-inducing doses (60% and 140% of the optimal dose, respectively), and these scores were compared with those obtained at baseline before and after subthalamotomy. Bradykinesia was assessed by a prehension task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Unilateral subthalamotomy had a positive effect on the antiparkinsonian response for all doses of levodopa as well as the baseline. There were no differences in the antiparkinsonian response between the suboptimal dose postsurgery and the optimal dose presurgery. Dyskinesias were increased at the suboptimal and the optimal doses. After surgery, the duration of response to levodopa increased between 20% and 25% in the suboptimal dose, whereas it remained unchanged with higher doses. Bradykinesia was significantly reduced after surgery only at the suboptimal dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Subthalamotomy potentiated the response to suboptimal doses of levodopa. Thus, levodopa can be reduced by 40% after surgery for similar beneficial antiparkinsonian response and less dyskinesia than with an optimal dose before surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.jns12295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]],"date-time":"2012-10-19T14:14:57Z","timestamp":1350656097000},"page":"180-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Potentiation of response to low doses of levodopa in MPTP-injected monkeys by chemical unilateral subthalamotomy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"Jourdain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Endocrinology and Genomic Research Center, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL);"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gr\u00e9goire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Endocrinology and Genomic Research Center, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL);"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Morissette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Endocrinology and Genomic Research Center, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL);"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Endocrinology and Genomic Research Center, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL);"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en sant\u00e9 mentale de Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Di Paolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Endocrinology and Genomic Research Center, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL);"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns12295","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<72::AID-MDS1019>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Dorsal subthalamotomy for Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Alvarez","year":"2001"},{"key":"b2-jns12295","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.154948","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of unilateral subthalamotomy in Parkinson's disease: results in 89 patients followed for up to 36 months","volume":"80","author":"Alvarez","year":"2009"},{"key":"b3-jns12295","series-title":"Brain Res Bull","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)00206-G","article-title":"Behavioral and neurochemical consequences of ibotenic acid lesion in the subthalamic nucleus of the common marmoset","volume":"36","author":"Andr\u00e9n","year":"1995"},{"key":"b4-jns12295","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699209002375","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleotomy alleviates parkinsonism in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-exposed primate","volume":"6","author":"Aziz","year":"1992"},{"key":"b5-jns12295","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060404","article-title":"Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus for the alleviation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism in the primate","volume":"6","author":"Aziz","year":"1991"},{"key":"b6-jns12295","series-title":"J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-10-06531.1995","article-title":"In a rat model of parkinsonism, lesions of the subthalamic nucleus reverse increases of reaction time but induce a dramatic premature responding deficit","volume":"15","author":"Baunez","year":"1995"},{"key":"b7-jns12295","series-title":"Eur J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00505.x","article-title":"Reversal of rigidity and improvement in motor performance by subthalamic high-frequency stimulation in MPTP-treated monkeys","volume":"5","author":"Benazzouz","year":"1993"},{"key":"b8-jns12295","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2402638","article-title":"Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"249","author":"Bergman","year":"1990"},{"key":"b9-jns12295","series-title":"J Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.2.507","article-title":"The primate subthalamic nucleus. 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