{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:29:54Z","timestamp":1773282594484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"\nObject<\/jats:title>\nThe Internet and social media are powerful disseminators of medical information, providing new portals for patient care. The authors of this study evaluated current technology hardware, Internet, and social media use and their socioeconomic relationships among caregivers of children with hydrocephalus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nA written survey was completed in the neurosurgical clinics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham by 300 parents of children with shunted hydrocephalus between October 26, 2010, and July 26, 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nComputer use (94.6%), Internet use (91.7%), smartphone use (56.9%), and Internet research on hydrocephalus (81.9%) were prevalent. However, for each of these four utilizations there was significantly lower access by caregivers of minority races (p = 0.04, 0.03, 0.002, and < 0.0001, respectively), lower income (p = 0.02, 0.01, < 0.0001, and < 0.0001, respectively), and lower level of education (p = 0.001, 0.002, < 0.0001, and 0.001, respectively). Personal use of social media was prevalent (95.1% of all Internet users) with use being more prevalent among less-educated than higher-educated caregivers (p = 0.017). Hydrocephalus-related social media use (59.5% of Internet users) was not associated with socioeconomic factors. For hydrocephalus education on the Internet, caregivers chose information websites such as Wikipedia or the Hydrocephalus Association as preferred platforms; these preferences were followed by use of social media websites. Facebook and YouTube were the preferred social media platforms for personal and hydrocephalus-related use. Parents indicate moderate skepticism about the trustworthiness of the Internet; only 21.7% always trust the online sources. Most parents (89.8%) say that they would visit neurosurgeon-recommended websites. Of Internet-using caregivers, 28.6% use the Internet or social media to find hydrocephalus support groups, and 34.8% have used the Internet to communicate with other caregivers who have children with similar conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nTechnology hardware, the Internet, and social media are widely used with some skepticism by parents of children with shunted hydrocephalus. Caregivers are interested in physician-recommended Internet resources. Socioeconomic factors including race, income, and level of education reveal a disparity in access to some of these resources, although all groups have relatively high use. Unlike typical technology use, social media use is breaking down the digital divide among ethnic and socioeconomic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.peds12208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]],"date-time":"2012-10-23T15:35:29Z","timestamp":1351006529000},"page":"26-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Technology preferences among caregivers of children with hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Naftel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Safiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Falola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chevis N.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Wellons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds12208","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0408-4","article-title":"Death in shunted hydrocephalic children: a follow-up study","volume":"24","author":"Acakpo-Satchivi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b2-peds12208","series-title":"Prev Chronic Dis","first-page":"A36","article-title":"Health-related information on the Web: results from the HealthStyles Survey, 2002\u20132003","volume":"3","author":"Bansil","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3-peds12208","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.20.2612","article-title":"Health information on the Internet: accessibility, quality, and readability in English and Spanish","volume":"285","author":"Berland","year":"2001"},{"key":"b4-peds12208","series-title":"J Med Internet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1569","article-title":"Cancer survivorship in the age of YouTube and social media: a narrative analysis","volume":"13","author":"Chou","year":"2011"},{"key":"b5-peds12208","series-title":"J Med Internet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1249","article-title":"Social media use in the United States: implications for health communication","volume":"11","author":"Chou","year":"2009"},{"key":"b6-peds12208","series-title":"J Perinatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210945","article-title":"Internet use and perceptions of information reliability by parents in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"23","author":"Dhillon","year":"2003"},{"key":"b7-peds12208","series-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl","first-page":"292","article-title":"Is current information available useful for patients and their families?","volume":"83","author":"Ellamushi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b8-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Health topics","author":"Fox","year":"2011"},{"key":"b9-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Peer-to-peer healthcare","author":"Fox","year":"2011"},{"key":"b10-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Social life of health information","author":"Fox","year":"2009"},{"key":"b11-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Chronic disease and the internet","author":"Fox","year":"2010"},{"key":"b12-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Social Networking Sites and Our Lives","author":"Hampton","year":"2011"},{"key":"b13-peds12208","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.22.2618","article-title":"Trust and sources of health information: the impact of the Internet and its implications for health care providers: findings from the first Health Information National Trends Survey","volume":"165","author":"Hesse","year":"2005"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b14-peds12208","series-title":"J Health Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2011.589882","article-title":"Realizing the promise of Web 2.0: engaging community intelligence","volume":"16","author":"Hesse","year":"2011"},{"key":"b15-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"The mobile difference","author":"Horrigan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b16-peds12208","series-title":"AIDS Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0164-7","article-title":"Technology use and reasons to participate in social networking health websites among people living with HIV in the US","volume":"16","author":"Horvath","year":"2012"},{"key":"b17-peds12208","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000028644","article-title":"Death in shunted hydrocephalic children in the 1990s","volume":"28","author":"Iskandar","year":"1998"},{"key":"b18-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Use of the internet in higher-income households","author":"Jansen","year":"2012"},{"key":"b19-peds12208","series-title":"Health Info Libr J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2007.00701.x","article-title":"The emerging Web 2.0 social software: an enabling suite of sociable technologies in health and health care education","volume":"24","author":"Kamel Boulos","year":"2007"},{"key":"b20-peds12208","series-title":"Psychiatr Q","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-008-9083-1","article-title":"Internet use by patients with psychiatric disorders in search for general and medical informations","volume":"79","author":"Khazaal","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-peds12208","series-title":"J Paediatr Child Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2008.01322.x","article-title":"Health information seeking by parents in the Internet age","volume":"44","author":"Khoo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b22-peds12208","series-title":"J Health Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2010.514031","article-title":"Profile of e-patients: analysis of their cancer information-seeking from a national survey","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2010"},{"key":"b23-peds12208","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199612000-00020","article-title":"Applications of the World Wide Web to neurosurgical practice","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"1996"},{"key":"b24-peds12208","series-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31812c65b4","article-title":"Test characteristics of parent's visual analog scale score in predicting ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2007"},{"key":"b25-peds12208","series-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328331e7b4","article-title":"The Internet as an adjunct for pediatric primary care","volume":"21","author":"Kind","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b26-peds12208","series-title":"J Health Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2010.522700","article-title":"The Internet as a health information source: findings from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey and implications for health communication","volume":"15","author":"Koch-Weser","year":"2010"},{"key":"b27-peds12208","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000210228.08117.17","article-title":"Internet-based neuro-oncology patient recruitment","volume":"58","author":"Komotar","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b28-peds12208","series-title":"J Health Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2010.522689","article-title":"Communication inequalities and public health implications of adult social networking site use in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Kontos","year":"2010"},{"key":"b29-peds12208","series-title":"Arch Psychol","first-page":"1","article-title":"A technique for the measurement of attitudes","volume":"22","author":"Likert","year":"1932"},{"key":"b30-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"65% of online adults use social networking sites","author":"Madden","year":"2011"},{"key":"b31-peds12208","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1159\/000028647","article-title":"The internet as a pediatric neurosurgery information resource","volume":"28","author":"Maugans","year":"1998"},{"key":"b32-peds12208","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.PEDS11291","article-title":"Parental recognition of shunt failure: a prospective single-institution study. Clinical article","volume":"9","author":"Naftel","year":"2012"},{"key":"b33-peds12208","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199607000-00059","article-title":"Neurosurgery and the Internet: a critical analysis and a review of available resources","volume":"39","author":"Pareras","year":"1996"},{"key":"b34-peds12208","series-title":"Hemodial Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2007.00188.x","article-title":"Internet use by end-stage renal disease patients","volume":"11","author":"Seto","year":"2007"},{"key":"b35-peds12208","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000229971.93812.37","article-title":"Use and satisfaction of the internet in obtaining information on brachial plexus birth palsies and its influence on decision-making","volume":"26","author":"Shah","year":"2006"},{"key":"b36-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Smartphone adoption and usage","author":"Smith","year":"2011"},{"key":"b37-peds12208","series-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-1-36","article-title":"Is the Internet a useful and relevant source for health and health care information retrieval for German cardiothoracic patients? First results from a prospective survey among 255 patients at a German cardiothoracic surgical clinic","volume":"1","author":"Stoevesandt","year":"2006"},{"key":"b38-peds12208","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.6.534","article-title":"Use of the internet by parents of paediatric outpatients","volume":"87","author":"Tuffrey","year":"2002"},{"key":"b39-peds12208","series-title":"Inform Health Soc Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/17538150902773272","article-title":"Health-related Internet use by patients with somatic diseases: frequency of use and characteristics of users","volume":"34","author":"van Uden-Kraan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b40-peds12208","series-title":"J Paediatr Child Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2006.00916.x","article-title":"Use of the Internet by parents of paediatric patients","volume":"42","author":"Wainstein","year":"2006"},{"key":"b41-peds12208","series-title":"Pew Internet and American Life Project","article-title":"Generations 2010","author":"Zickuhr","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T14:23:49Z","timestamp":1681568629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/1\/article-p26.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.9.peds12208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}