{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:49:08Z","timestamp":1791301748133,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>White matter development and myelination are critical processes in neurodevelopment. Myelinated white matter facilitates the rapid and coordinated brain messaging required for higher-order cognitive and behavioral processing. Whereas several neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis are associated with gross white matter damage and demyelination, other disorders such as epilepsy may involve altered myelination in the efferent or afferent white matter pathways adjoining epileptic foci. Current MRI techniques including T1 weighting, T2 weighting, FLAIR, diffusion tensor imaging, and MR spectroscopy permit visualization of gross white matter abnormalities and evaluation of underlying white matter fiber architecture and integrity, but they provide only qualitative information regarding myelin content. Quantification of these myelin changes could provide new insight into disease severity and prognosis, reveal information regarding spatial location of foci or lesions and the associated affected neural systems, and create a metric to evaluate treatment efficacy. Multicomponent analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation data, or multicomponent relaxometry (MCR), is a quantitative imaging technique that is sensitive and specific to myelin content alteration. In the past, MCR has been associated with lengthy imaging times, but a new, faster MCR technique (mcDESPOT) has made quantitative analysis of myelin content more accessible for clinical research applications. The authors briefly summarize traditional white matter imaging techniques, describe MCR and mcDESPOT, and discuss current and future clinical applications of MCR, with a particular focus on pediatric epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.focus12426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T11:24:01Z","timestamp":1364815441000},"page":"E9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Advances in myelin imaging with potential clinical application to pediatric imaging"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Heather S.","family":"Spader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ellermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital\/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"O'Muircheartaigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and"},{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Dirks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrold L.","family":"Boxerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital\/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Rees","family":"Cosgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean C. L.","family":"Deoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0340009","series-title":"Pediatric Neuroimaging","first-page":"30","article-title":"Normal development of the neonatal and infant brain, skull, and spine","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2-0340009","series-title":"NMR Biomed","first-page":"456","article-title":"Diffusion-tensor MRI: theory, experimental design and data analysis\u2014a technical review","volume":"15","author":"Basser","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3-0340009","series-title":"NMR Biomed","first-page":"435","article-title":"The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system\u2014a technical review","volume":"15","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2002"},{"key":"b4-0340009","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"194","article-title":"Neuronal correlates of the five factor model (FFM) of human personality: multimodal imaging in a large healthy sample","volume":"65","author":"Bj\u00f8rnebekk","year":"2013"},{"key":"b5-0340009","series-title":"Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: Preoperative Assessment and Surgical Treatment","year":"2010"},{"key":"b6-0340009","series-title":"Magn Reson Med","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Correction of main and transmit magnetic field (B0 and B1) inhomogeneity effects in multicomponent-driven equilibrium single-pulse observation of T1 and T2","volume":"65","author":"Deoni","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7-0340009","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Investigating white matter development in infancy and early childhood using myelin water faction and relaxation time mapping","volume":"63","author":"Deoni","year":"2012"},{"key":"b8-0340009","series-title":"J Neurosci","first-page":"784","article-title":"Mapping infant brain myelination with magnetic resonance 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