{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:45:35Z","timestamp":1785548735658,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"\nOBJECT<\/jats:title>\nFailure of fusion after a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure is a challenging problem that can lead to ongoing low-back pain, dependence on pain medication, and inability to return to work. B2A is a synthetic peptide that has proven efficacy in achieving fusion in animal models and may have a better safety profile than bone morphogenetic protein. The authors undertook this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of B2A peptide\u2013enhanced ceramic granules (Prefix) in comparison with autogenous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG, control) in patients undergoing single-level TLIF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMETHODS<\/jats:title>\nTwenty-four patients with single-level degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine at L2\u2013S1 requiring TLIF were enrolled between 2009 and 2010. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a control group (treated with ICBG, n = 9), a Prefix 150 group (treated with Prefix 150 \u03bcg\/cm3<\/jats:sup> granules, n = 8), and a Prefix 750 group (treated with Prefix 750 \u03bcg\/cm3<\/jats:sup> granules, n = 7). Outcome measures included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog pain scale, and radiographic fusion as assessed by CT and dynamic flexion\/extension lumbar plain radiographs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nAt 12 months after surgery, the radiographic fusion rate was 100% in the Prefix 750 group, 78% in the control group, and 50% in the Prefix 150 group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). At 6 weeks the mean ODI score was 41.0 for the control group, 27.7 for the Prefix 750 group, and 32.2 for the Prefix 150 group, whereas at 12 months the mean ODI was 24.4 for control, 31.1 for Prefix 750, and 29.7 for Prefix 150 groups. Complications were evenly distributed among the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nCONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\nPrefix appears to provide a safe alternative to autogenous ICBG. Prefix 750 appears to show superior radiographic fusion when compared with autograft at 12 months after TLIF, although no statistically significant difference was demonstrated in this small study. Prefix and control groups both appeared to demonstrate comparable improvements to ODI at 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.11.spine121106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T15:13:27Z","timestamp":1422026007000},"page":"358-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Twelve-month results of a multicenter, blinded, pilot study of a novel peptide (B2A) in promoting lumbar spine fusion"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Sardar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Oxner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan du","family":"Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foothills Medical Center, University of Calgary, Alberta;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene K.","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Greg","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Jarzem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-spine121106","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822576a4","article-title":"Fusion performance of low-dose recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells in biodegradable scaffolds: a comparative study in a large animal model of anterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"36","author":"Abbah","year":"2011"},{"key":"b2-spine121106","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.12.006","article-title":"Prospective nonrandomized comparison of an allograft with bone morphogenic protein versus an iliaccrest autograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"8","author":"Buttermann","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-spine121106","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.04.023","article-title":"A critical review of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 trials in spinal surgery: emerging safety concerns and lessons learned","volume":"11","author":"Carragee","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4-spine121106","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08565","article-title":"Ceramic granules enhanced with B2A peptide for lumbar interbody spine fusion: an experimental study using an instrumented model in sheep","volume":"10","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009"},{"key":"b5-spine121106","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.07.018","article-title":"Delayed iliac abscess as an unusual complication of an iliac bone graft in an orthognathic case","volume":"37","author":"De Riu","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6-spine121106","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0344","article-title":"Prospective, randomized, multi-center feasibility trial of rhPDGF-BB versus autologous bone graft in a foot and ankle fusion model","volume":"32","author":"Digiovanni","year":"2011"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b7-spine121106","series-title":"Injury","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.015","article-title":"Complications following autologous bone graft harvesting from the iliac crest and using the RIA: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2011"},{"key":"b8-spine121106","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017","article-title":"The Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"25","author":"Fairbank","year":"2000"},{"key":"b9-spine121106","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31817d8161","article-title":"The use of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein in posterior interbody fusions of the lumbar spine: a clinical series","volume":"22","author":"Geibel","year":"2009"},{"key":"b10-spine121106","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d133d0","article-title":"Complications with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 in posterolateral spine fusion: a consecutive series of 1037 cases","volume":"36","author":"Glassman","year":"2011"},{"key":"b11-spine121106","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713481459","article-title":"A prospective pilot study of B2A-coated ceramic granules (Amplex) compared to autograft for ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis","volume":"34","author":"Glazebrook","year":"2013"},{"key":"b12-spine121106","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318168d1d4","article-title":"Bioactive glass as a bone substitute for spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparative study with iliac crest autograft","volume":"28","author":"Ilharreborde","year":"2008"},{"key":"b13-spine121106","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-0900-x","article-title":"Imaging findings at the donor site after iliac crest bone harvesting","volume":"39","author":"Ishii","year":"2010"},{"key":"b14-spine121106","series-title":"HSS J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-005-0120-4","article-title":"Bone morphogenic proteins: applications in spinal surgery","volume":"1","author":"Jeong","year":"2005"},{"key":"b15-spine121106","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200206000-00013","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite granule graft combined with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 for solid lumbar fusion","volume":"15","author":"Konishi","year":"2002"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"b16-spine121106","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.02.007","article-title":"Carrier materials for spinal fusion","volume":"5","author":"Kwon","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-spine121106","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.04.029","article-title":"Fusion rates of a morselized local bone graft in polyetheretherketone cages in posterior lumbar interbody fusion by quantitative analysis using consecutive three-dimensional computed tomography scans","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2011"},{"key":"b18-spine121106","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20303","article-title":"Augmentation of osseous phenotypes in vivo with a synthetic peptide","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2007"},{"key":"b19-spine121106","series-title":"Can J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.028010","article-title":"Anatomically safe and minimally invasive transcrestal technique for procurement of autogenous cancellous bone graft from the mid-iliac crest","volume":"54","author":"Missiuna","year":"2011"},{"key":"b20-spine121106","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01513","article-title":"Autogenous bone graft: donor sites and techniques","volume":"93","author":"Myeroff","year":"2011"},{"key":"b21-spine121106","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E179","article-title":"An alternative source of autograft bone for spinal fusion: the femur: technical case report","volume":"62","author":"Nichols","year":"2008"},{"key":"b22-spine121106","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199610000-00043","article-title":"Unusual complications at iliac crest bone graft donor site: experience with two cases","volume":"39","author":"Porchet","year":"1996"},{"key":"b23-spine121106","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107010-00018","article-title":"Natural history of posterior iliac crest bone graft donation for spinal surgery: a prospective analysis of morbidity","volume":"26","author":"Robertson","year":"2001"},{"key":"b24-spine121106","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2113-y","article-title":"RhBMP-2 use in lumbar fusion surgery is associated with transient immediate postoperative leg pain","volume":"21","author":"Rowan","year":"2012"},{"key":"b25-spine121106","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.08.023","article-title":"Donor site morbidity after bone harvesting from the anterior iliac crest","volume":"109","author":"Schaaf","year":"2010"},{"key":"b26-spine121106","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181732a74","article-title":"B2A peptide on ceramic granules enhance posterolateral spinal fusion in rabbits compared with autograft","volume":"33","author":"Smucker","year":"2008"},{"key":"b27-spine121106","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E461","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31823b01dc","article-title":"Augment bone graft products compare favorably with autologous bone graft in an ovine model of lumbar interbody spine fusion","volume":"37","author":"Solchaga","year":"2012"},{"key":"b28-spine121106","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1897-0","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in mono-segmental posterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"20","author":"Sys","year":"2011"},{"key":"b29-spine121106","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-0850-8","article-title":"Recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 in orthopaedic surgery: a review","volume":"129","author":"Valdes","year":"2009"},{"key":"b30-spine121106","series-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis","first-page":"166","article-title":"Hernia through an iliac crest bone graft site: report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"63","author":"Velchuru","year":"2006"},{"key":"b31-spine121106","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.03.026","article-title":"Iliac wing fracture following graft harvesting from the anterior iliac crest: literature review based on a case report","volume":"98","author":"Zermatten","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/4\/article-p358.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/4\/article-p358.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/4\/article-p358.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T21:26:59Z","timestamp":1681594019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/4\/article-p358.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.11.spine121106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}}}