{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:01:28Z","timestamp":1780736488245,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional MRI (fMRI) has proven to be an effective component of pretreatment planning in patients harboring a variety of different brain lesions. The authors have recently reported significant relationships concerning distances between brain tumor borders and areas of functional activation (lesion-to-activation distance; LAD) with regard to patient morbidity and mortality. This study further examines the relationship between LAD, focusing on a host of vascular lesions and pre- and posttreatment morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included a sample population of patients with vascular lesions (n = 106), primarily arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and cavernomas. These patients underwent pretreatment fMRI-based motor mapping (n = 72) or language mapping (n = 84). The impact of LAD and other variables derived from the patient medical record were analyzed with respect to functional deficits in terms of morbidity (weakness and\/or aphasia).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with no pretreatment deficits, there was trend for a significant relationship between the Wernicke area LAD and posttreatment language deficits. In patients with or without pretreatment deficits, a trend toward significance was observed between sensorimotor LAD and posttreatment motor deficits. Additionally, lesion type (AVMs or cavernomas) affected posttreatment deficits, with more patients with cavernomas showing posttreatment language deficits than patients with AVMs. However, this difference was not observed for posttreatment motor deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that the proximity of a vascular lesion to sensorimotor and language areas is a relevant parameter in estimating patient prognosis in the perioperative period. Additionally, vascular lesion type and existence of pretreatment deficits play a significant role in outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.2.focus12417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T11:24:01Z","timestamp":1364815441000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Characterizing the relationship between functional MRI\u2013derived measures and clinical outcomes in patients with vascular lesions"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena A.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Regner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany M.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Radtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Pankratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan L.","family":"Holdsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dovile","family":"Baniulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole K.","family":"Kornder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jed","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin P.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Meyerand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Prabhakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0340008","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1423","article-title":"Plasticity of the human motor cortex in patients with arteriovenous malformations: a functional MR imaging study","volume":"21","author":"Alkadhi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2-0340008","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"978","article-title":"Determination of language dominance using functional MRI: a comparison with the Wada test","volume":"46","author":"Binder","year":"1996"},{"key":"b3-0340008","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"579","article-title":"Presurgical functional MR imaging of language and motor functions: validation with intraoperative electrocortical mapping","volume":"248","author":"Bizzi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b4-0340008","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"483","article-title":"Language dysfunction after stroke and damage to white matter tracts evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"29","author":"Breier","year":"2008"},{"key":"b5-0340008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"804","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging for dominant-hemisphere perisylvian arteriovenous malformations","volume":"55","author":"Cannestra","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-0340008","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"483","article-title":"Radiologic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations: what clinicians need to know","volume":"30","author":"Geibprasert","year":"2010"},{"key":"b7-0340008","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"672","article-title":"Arteriovenous brain malformations: is functional MR imaging reliable for studying language reorganization in patients? Initial observations","volume":"223","author":"Leh\u00e9ricy","year":"2002"},{"key":"b8-0340008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"589","article-title":"Correspondence between functional magnetic resonance imaging somatotopy and individual brain anatomy of the central region: comparison with intraoperative stimulation in patients with brain tumors","volume":"92","author":"Leh\u00e9ricy","year":"2000"},{"key":"b9-0340008","series-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am","first-page":"529","article-title":"Functional MR imaging: paradigms for clinical preoperative mapping","volume":"11","author":"Moritz","year":"2003"},{"key":"b10-0340008","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"862","article-title":"Clarification of abc\/2 rule for ICH volume","volume":"38","author":"Newman","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-0340008","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"9868","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood 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malformations","volume":"55","author":"Cannestra","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-0340008","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"483","article-title":"Radiologic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations: what clinicians need to know","volume":"30","author":"Geibprasert","year":"2010"},{"key":"b7-0340008","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"672","article-title":"Arteriovenous brain malformations: is functional MR imaging reliable for studying language reorganization in patients? 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