{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:16:27Z","timestamp":1792664187447,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) has high morbidity and mortality. The authors describe the successful surgical treatment of a 56-year-old man presenting with NORSE. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a left temporal lobe lesion suspicious for a low-grade tumor, while PET imaging with the alpha[\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) radiotracer showed increased cortical uptake extending beyond this lesion and partly overlapping with epileptogenic cortex mapped by chronic intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring. Resection of the epileptic focus resulted in long-term seizure freedom, and the nonresected portion of the PET-documented abnormality normalized. Histopathology showed reactive gliosis and inflammatory markers in the AMT-PET\u2013positive cortex. Molecular imaging of neuroinflammation can be instrumental in the management of NORSE by guiding placement of intracranial electrodes or assessing the extent and severity of inflammation for antiinflammatory interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.focus1336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T10:11:43Z","timestamp":1369995103000},"page":"E5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Successful surgical treatment of an inflammatory lesion associated with new-onset refractory status epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Csaba","family":"Juh\u00e1sz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Neurology,"},{"name":"PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan; and"},{"name":"Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Buth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane C.","family":"Chugani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Radiology, and"},{"name":"PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Kupsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Wayne State University;"},{"name":"Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry T.","family":"Chugani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Neurology,"},{"name":"Radiology, and"},{"name":"PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aashit K.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0340005","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1976","article-title":"Multimodality imaging for improved detection of epileptogenic foci in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"54","author":"Asano","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsy Res","first-page":"7","article-title":"Inflammatory processes in cortical tubers and subependymal giant cell tumors of tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"78","author":"Boer","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-0340005","series-title":"Biomarkers Med","first-page":"567","article-title":"\u03b1-methyl-L-tryptophan: mechanisms for tracer localization of epileptogenic brain regions","volume":"5","author":"Chugani","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4-0340005","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"858","article-title":"Imaging epileptogenic tubers in children with tuberous sclerosis complex using alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan positron emission tomography","volume":"44","author":"Chugani","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0340005","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"2","article-title":"Alpha[C-11]methyl-L-tryptophan PET maps brain serotonin synthesis and kynurenine pathway metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Chugani","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1692","article-title":"Clinical and histopathologic correlates of 11C-alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) PET abnormalities in children with intractable epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Chugani","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Finding a better drug for epilepsy: antiinflammatory targets","volume":"53","author":"Dedeurwaerdere","year":"2012"},{"key":"b8-0340005","series-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl","first-page":"131","article-title":"Biological model for the in vivo measurement of rate of serotonin synthesis in the brain","volume":"29","author":"Diksic","year":"1990"},{"key":"b9-0340005","series-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol","first-page":"125","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway and neurologic disease. Therapeutic strategies","volume":"398","author":"Heyes","year":"1996"},{"key":"b10-0340005","series-title":"Cell Immunol","first-page":"264","article-title":"Upregulation of interferon-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human macrophage cultures by lipopolysaccharide, muramyl tripeptide, and interleukin-1","volume":"160","author":"Hissong","year":"1995"},{"key":"b11-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"e185","article-title":"AERRPS, DESC, NORSE, FIRES: multi-labeling or distinct epileptic entities?","volume":"52","author":"Ismail","year":"2011"},{"key":"b12-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1763","article-title":"Evaluation of the innate and adaptive immunity in type I and type II focal cortical dysplasias","volume":"51","author":"Iyer","year":"2010"},{"key":"b13-0340005","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Noninvasive molecular imaging of neuroinflammation","volume":"32","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012"},{"key":"b14-0340005","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"960","article-title":"Alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan PET detects epileptogenic cortex in children with intractable epilepsy","volume":"60","author":"Juh\u00e1sz","year":"2003"},{"key":"b15-0340005","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"345","article-title":"In vivo uptake and metabolism of alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan in human brain tumors","volume":"26","author":"Juh\u00e1sz","year":"2006"},{"key":"b16-0340005","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"121","article-title":"Tryptophan PET in pretreatment delineation of newly-diagnosed gliomas: MRI and histopathologic correlates","volume":"112","author":"Kamson","year":"2013"},{"key":"b17-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1276","article-title":"FIRES and NORSE are distinct entities","volume":"53","author":"K\u00f6rtvelyessy","year":"2012"},{"key":"b18-0340005","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"82","article-title":"Seizure-induced brain-borne inflammation sustains seizure recurrence and blood-brain barrier damage","volume":"72","author":"Librizzi","year":"2012"},{"key":"b19-0340005","series-title":"Neurobiol Dis","first-page":"279","article-title":"Expression of ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, NF kappa B, and MAP kinase in tubers of the tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"14","author":"Maldonado","year":"2003"},{"key":"b20-0340005","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"99","article-title":"Acute encephalopathy with inflammation-mediated status epilepticus","volume":"10","author":"Nabbout","year":"2011"},{"key":"b21-0340005","series-title":"J Neurosci","first-page":"4200","article-title":"Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediate the upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the induction of depressive-like behavior in mice in response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin","volume":"29","author":"O'Connor","year":"2009"},{"key":"b22-0340005","series-title":"Neurobiol Dis","first-page":"128","article-title":"The IL-1beta system in epilepsy-associated malformations of cortical development","volume":"24","author":"Ravizza","year":"2006"},{"key":"b23-0340005","series-title":"J Neurochem","first-page":"788","article-title":"Effects of serotine receptors agonists, TFMPP and CGS12066B, on regional serotonin synthesis in the rat brain: an autoradiographic study","volume":"80","author":"Tohyama","year":"2002"},{"key":"b24-0340005","series-title":"Brain Behav Immun","first-page":"797","article-title":"The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Vezzani","year":"2008"},{"key":"b25-0340005","series-title":"Nat Rev Neurol","first-page":"31","article-title":"The role of inflammation in epilepsy","volume":"7","author":"Vezzani","year":"2011"},{"key":"b26-0340005","series-title":"Ann Acad Med 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children with tuberous sclerosis complex using alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan positron emission tomography","volume":"44","author":"Chugani","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0340005","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"2","article-title":"Alpha[C-11]methyl-L-tryptophan PET maps brain serotonin synthesis and kynurenine pathway metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Chugani","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1692","article-title":"Clinical and histopathologic correlates of 11C-alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) PET abnormalities in children with intractable epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Chugani","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Finding a better drug for epilepsy: antiinflammatory targets","volume":"53","author":"Dedeurwaerdere","year":"2012"},{"key":"b8-0340005","series-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl","first-page":"131","article-title":"Biological model for the in vivo measurement of rate of serotonin synthesis in the brain","volume":"29","author":"Diksic","year":"1990"},{"key":"b9-0340005","series-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol","first-page":"125","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway and neurologic disease. Therapeutic strategies","volume":"398","author":"Heyes","year":"1996"},{"key":"b10-0340005","series-title":"Cell Immunol","first-page":"264","article-title":"Upregulation of interferon-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human macrophage cultures by lipopolysaccharide, muramyl tripeptide, and interleukin-1","volume":"160","author":"Hissong","year":"1995"},{"key":"b11-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"e185","article-title":"AERRPS, DESC, NORSE, FIRES: multi-labeling or distinct epileptic entities?","volume":"52","author":"Ismail","year":"2011"},{"key":"b12-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1763","article-title":"Evaluation of the innate and adaptive immunity in type I and type II focal cortical dysplasias","volume":"51","author":"Iyer","year":"2010"},{"key":"b13-0340005","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Noninvasive molecular imaging of neuroinflammation","volume":"32","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012"},{"key":"b14-0340005","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"960","article-title":"Alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan PET detects epileptogenic cortex in children with intractable epilepsy","volume":"60","author":"Juh\u00e1sz","year":"2003"},{"key":"b15-0340005","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"345","article-title":"In vivo uptake and metabolism of alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan in human brain tumors","volume":"26","author":"Juh\u00e1sz","year":"2006"},{"key":"b16-0340005","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"121","article-title":"Tryptophan PET in pretreatment delineation of newly-diagnosed gliomas: MRI and histopathologic correlates","volume":"112","author":"Kamson","year":"2013"},{"key":"b17-0340005","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1276","article-title":"FIRES and NORSE are distinct entities","volume":"53","author":"K\u00f6rtvelyessy","year":"2012"},{"key":"b18-0340005","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"82","article-title":"Seizure-induced brain-borne inflammation sustains seizure recurrence and blood-brain barrier damage","volume":"72","author":"Librizzi","year":"2012"},{"key":"b19-0340005","series-title":"Neurobiol Dis","first-page":"279","article-title":"Expression of ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, NF kappa B, and MAP kinase in tubers of the tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"14","author":"Maldonado","year":"2003"},{"key":"b20-0340005","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"99","article-title":"Acute encephalopathy with inflammation-mediated status epilepticus","volume":"10","author":"Nabbout","year":"2011"},{"key":"b21-0340005","series-title":"J Neurosci","first-page":"4200","article-title":"Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediate the upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the induction of depressive-like behavior in mice in 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Singapore","first-page":"417","article-title":"The NORSE (new-onset refractory status epilepticus) syndrome: defining a disease entity","volume":"34","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/34\/6\/article-pE5.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/34\/6\/article-pE5.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/34\/6\/article-pE5.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:22:42Z","timestamp":1780734162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/34\/6\/article-pE5.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.3.focus1336","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718056142.793481447","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}