{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:06:42Z","timestamp":1770221202240,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>True ossification within benign brain tumors is rare, and the molecular mechanism for this process is poorly understood. The authors report a case of ossified choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and analyze it to help elucidate the underlying molecular basis of osteogenesis in benign brain tumors. A 21-year-old man presented with headache and depression that progressed over years. Computed tomography, MRI, and angiography demonstrated a large heavily calcified fourth ventricular tumor with a vascular blush and no hydrocephalus. The tumor was resected and was found to be an ossified CPP. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF, Sox2, BMP-2, osterix, osteopontin, and osteocalcin was performed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of bone formation. The tumor was extensively ossified with mature bone trabeculae. Immunostaining for VEGF was positive. Additional staining showed the presence of osteocalcin in this ossified tumor but not in samples of nonossified CPPs collected from other patients. Staining for osterix and osteopontin was equivocally positive in the ossified CPP but also in the nonossified CPPs examined. The presence of osteocalcin in the ossified CPP demonstrates that there is true bone formation rather than simple calcification. Its appearance within cells around the trabeculae suggests the presence of osteoblasts. The presence of osterix suggests that a pluripotent cell, or one that is already partially differentiated, may be differentiated into an osteoblast through this pathway. This represents the first systematic immunohistochemical analysis of osteogenesis within choroid plexus tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.peds12400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T14:23:52Z","timestamp":1367591032000},"page":"13-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ossified choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle: elucidation of the mechanism of osteogenesis in benign brain tumors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sunil","family":"Manjila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amad","family":"Awadallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospitals at Case Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospitals at Case Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds12400","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1505","article-title":"Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis: CT, MR imaging, and histologic features","volume":"30","author":"Aiken","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-peds12400","series-title":"Histology for Pathologists","first-page":"167","article-title":"Adipose tissue","author":"Brooks","year":"1997"},{"key":"b3-peds12400","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688962","article-title":"Choroid plexus papilloma containing bone","volume":"68","author":"Cardozo","year":"1985"},{"key":"b4-peds12400","series-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1053\/adpa.2001.21478","article-title":"Choroid plexus papilloma with osseous and adipose metaplasia","volume":"5","author":"Corcoran","year":"2001"},{"key":"b5-peds12400","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000120961","article-title":"Bone formation within a choroid plexus papilloma","volume":"23","author":"Doran","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6-peds12400","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199107000-00024","article-title":"Ossified mucin-secreting choroid plexus adenoma: case report","volume":"29","author":"Duckett","year":"1991"},{"key":"b7-peds12400","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00263185","article-title":"Choroid plexus tumors in childhood. 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