{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:59:58Z","timestamp":1766048398534},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Germinal matrix hemorrhages (GMHs) are typically seen in preterm neonates during the first 4 days of life. The authors encountered 2 children with late-onset GMH subsequent to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion for congenital hydrocephalus. Both children were delivered at full term with normal body weight, although they were compromised with the preceding hypoxic events prior to shunt insertion. The first case involved a female infant with severe craniofacial deformities. Because of aspiration pneumonia related to the comorbid upper airway stenosis, endotracheal intubation with intermittent mechanical ventilation was necessary. The associated congenital hydrocephalus was treated with VP shunt insertion when she was 35 days of age, and GMH was confirmed 1 week after shunt placement. During a period of conservative observation, the hemorrhage resolved without any neurological deterioration. The second case involved a male infant with a large intraparenchymal cyst on the left parietal portion. He was intubated for pneumonia at 1 month of age. He had associated congenital hydrocephalus that was progressive, and he was treated with VP shunting at 69 days of age, after his pneumonia had resolved. Postoperative GMH was confirmed, although hydrocephalus was well controlled by VP shunt insertion. Observed conservatively, he fared well and the GMH resolved. These 2 cases had unique features in common; both had congenital anomalies in the CNS and respiratory problems before shunting. The hypoxic insults on the residual germinal matrix layer and sudden decrease in CSF pressure may relate to the occurrence of these late-onset GMHs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.peds12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T14:23:52Z","timestamp":1367591032000},"page":"67-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Delayed germinal matrix hemorrhage induced by ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for congenital hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mihoko","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Fukuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Namba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds12599","series-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1473(07)70299-3","article-title":"Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. Case report and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Alc\u00e1zar","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-peds12599","series-title":"Pediatr Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181c1b176","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants: mechanism of disease","volume":"67","author":"Ballabh","year":"2010"},{"key":"b3-peds12599","series-title":"Clin Perinatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2009.07.014","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage in the preterm infant: understanding it, preventing it","volume":"36","author":"Bassan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b4-peds12599","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000028973","article-title":"Critical shunt-induced subdural hematoma treated with combined pressure-programmable valve implantation and endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"33","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2000"},{"key":"b5-peds12599","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262235","article-title":"Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in full-term infants","volume":"11","author":"Hanigan","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6-peds12599","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.4.714","article-title":"Subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage in full-term neonates","volume":"75","author":"Hayden","year":"1985"},{"key":"b7-peds12599","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.3.6647846","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage: late onset in the preterm neonate","volume":"149","author":"Hecht","year":"1983"},{"key":"b8-peds12599","series-title":"J Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809346849","article-title":"Late germinal matrix hemorrhagelike lesions in very preterm infants","volume":"25","author":"Horsch","year":"2010"},{"key":"b9-peds12599","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0050-6","article-title":"The incidence, timing, and predisposing factors of germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH\/IVH) in preterm neonates","volume":"22","author":"Kadri","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10-peds12599","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(88)90065-3","article-title":"Etiologic heterogeneity of intracranial hemorrhages in preterm newborns","volume":"4","author":"Leviton","year":"1988"},{"key":"b11-peds12599","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.10.025","article-title":"Brain maturation is delayed in infants with complex congenital heart defects","volume":"137","author":"Licht","year":"2009"},{"key":"b12-peds12599","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000209288","article-title":"Germinal matrix hemorrhage of prematurity: treatment approaches and outcomes in a single institutional review in the Ukraine","volume":"45","author":"Lim","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13-peds12599","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050210034010","article-title":"Delayed hemorrhagic infarction. A cause of late neonatal germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"41","author":"Ment","year":"1984"},{"key":"b14-peds12599","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00518790","article-title":"Cerebral damage following ventricular shunt for infantile hydrocephalus evaluated by computed tomography","volume":"21","author":"Palmieri","year":"1981"},{"key":"b15-peds12599","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.PEDS11136","article-title":"Neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus from prematurity: pathophysiology and current treatment concepts. A review","volume":"9","author":"Robinson","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16-peds12599","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0032","article-title":"Low incidence of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion","volume":"91","author":"Savitz","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/1\/article-p67.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/1\/article-p67.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/1\/article-p67.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T12:43:54Z","timestamp":1681562634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/1\/article-p67.xml"}},"subtitle":["Report of 2 cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.4.peds12599","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}}}