{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T01:19:40Z","timestamp":1769217580313,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, the authors describe their experience with a low-dose head CT protocol for a preselected neurosurgical population at a dedicated pediatric hospital (Seattle Children's Hospital), the largest number of patients with this protocol reported to date.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All low-dose head CT scans between October 2011 and November 2012 were reviewed. Two different low-dose radiation dosages were used, at one-half or one-quarter the dose of a standard head CT scan, based on patient characteristics agreed upon by the neurosurgery and radiology departments. Patient information was also recorded, including diagnosis and indication for CT scan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Six hundred twenty-four low-dose head CT procedures were performed within the 12-month study period. Although indications for the CT scans varied, the most common reason was to evaluate the ventricles and catheter placement in hydrocephalic patients with shunts (70%), followed by postoperative craniosynostosis imaging (12%). These scans provided adequate diagnostic imaging, and no patient required a follow-up full-dose CT scan as a result of poor image quality on a low-dose CT scan. Overall physician comfort and satisfaction with interpretation of the images was high. An additional 2150 full-dose head CT scans were performed during the same 12-month time period, making the total number of CT scans 2774. This value compares to 3730 full-dose head CT scans obtained during the year prior to the study when low-dose CT and rapid-sequence MRI was not a reliable option at Seattle Children's Hospital. Thus, over a 1-year period, 22% of the total CT scans were able to be converted to low-dose scans, and full-dose CT scans were able to be reduced by 42%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The implementation of a low-dose head CT protocol substantially reduced the amount of ionizing radiation exposure in a preselected population of pediatric neurosurgical patients. Image quality and diagnostic utility were not significantly compromised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.7.peds12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T14:01:53Z","timestamp":1377266513000},"page":"406-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Low-dose head computed tomography in children: a single institutional experience in pediatric radiation risk reduction"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Morton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renee M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Ramakrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Levitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Browd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds12631","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.440","article-title":"Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007","volume":"169","author":"Berrington de Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-peds12631","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2312030880","article-title":"Radiation risks potentially associated with lowdose CT screening of adult smokers for lung cancer","volume":"231","author":"Brenner","year":"2004"},{"key":"b3-peds12631","series-title":"Radiat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1859.1","article-title":"Slowing the increase in the population dose resulting from CT scans","volume":"174","author":"Brenner","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4-peds12631","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2323031095","article-title":"Estimated radiation risks potentially associated with full-body CT screening","volume":"232","author":"Brenner","year":"2004"},{"key":"b5-peds12631","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3076","article-title":"Strengthening the argument for rapid brain MR imaging: estimation of reduction in lifetime attributable risk of developing fatal cancer in children with shunted hydrocephalus by instituting a rapid brain MR imaging protocol in lieu of head CT","volume":"33","author":"Koral","year":"2012"},{"key":"b6-peds12631","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.3.PEDS122","article-title":"Image-guided cerebrospinal fluid shunting in children: catheter accuracy and shunt survival. Clinical article","volume":"10","author":"Levitt","year":"2012"},{"key":"b7-peds12631","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.2.1810321","article-title":"National conference on dose reduction in CT, with an emphasis on pediatric patients","volume":"181","author":"Linton","year":"2003"},{"key":"b8-peds12631","series-title":"World Neurosurg","article-title":"Rapid sequence magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of children with hydrocephalus","author":"O'Neill","year":"2012"},{"key":"b9-peds12631","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60815-0","article-title":"Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"380","author":"Pearce","year":"2012"},{"key":"b10-peds12631","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0923","article-title":"Low-dose nonenhanced head CT protocol for follow-up evaluation of children with ventriculoperitoneal shunt: reduction of radiation and effect on image quality","volume":"29","author":"Udayasankar","year":"2008"},{"key":"b11-peds12631","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01403695","article-title":"Invited article: helical\/spiral CT scanning: a pediatric radiology perspective","volume":"26","author":"White","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/4\/article-p406.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/4\/article-p406.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/4\/article-p406.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T12:46:56Z","timestamp":1681562816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/12\/4\/article-p406.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.7.peds12631","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}}}