{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:03:14Z","timestamp":1783774994752,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Paul of Aegina (625\u2013690 AD) was born on the island of Aegina and was one of the most prominent physician-writers of the Byzantine Empire. His work <jats:italic>Epitome of Medicine<\/jats:italic>, comprised of 7 books, was a comprehensive compendium of the medical and surgical knowledge of his time and was subsequently translated into multiple languages. Paul of Aegina made valuable contributions to neurosurgical subjects and described procedures for the treatment of nerve injuries, hydrocephalus, and fractures of the skull and spine. His work combined the ancient knowledge of Hippocrates and Galen with contemporary medical observations and served as a bridge between Byzantine and Arabic medicine. He is considered to be one of the great ancient Greek medical writers and his work has influenced the subsequent evolution of Western European and Arab medicine. This paper provides an account of his contribution to the management of neurosurgical pathologies during the Byzantine era, as described in his medical compendium, <jats:italic>Epitome of Medicine<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.8.jns13550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T13:58:10Z","timestamp":1379080690000},"page":"244-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neurosurgery in the Byzantine Empire: the contributions of Paul of Aegina (625\u2013690 AD)"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Symeon","family":"Missios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Portsmouth Regional Hospital, Portsmouth; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimon","family":"Bekelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns13550","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181f8d392","article-title":"The Royal Book by Haly Abbas from the 10th century: one of the earliest illustrations of the surgical approach to skull fractures","volume":"67","author":"Aciduman","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2-jns13550","series-title":"The Seven Books of Paulus \u00c6gineta","author":"Adams","year":"1844"},{"key":"b3-jns13550","series-title":"De Chirurgia: Arabica et Latine","author":"Albucasis","year":"1778"},{"key":"b4-jns13550","series-title":"Encephalos","first-page":"34","article-title":"[Neurosciences in Byzantium.]","volume":"49","author":"Baloyannis","year":"2012"},{"key":"b5-jns13550","series-title":"The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus","author":"Breasted","year":"1930"},{"key":"b6-jns13550","series-title":"A History of Medicine","author":"Castiglioni","year":"1947"},{"key":"b7-jns13550","series-title":"De Medicina","author":"Celsus","year":"1935"},{"key":"b8-jns13550","series-title":"Chirurgie","author":"D'Egine","year":"1855"},{"key":"b9-jns13550","series-title":"J Med Biogr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1258\/jmb.2005.005077","article-title":"Francis Adams (1796\u20131861): Banchory, Aberdeen, UK","volume":"16","author":"Ford","year":"2008"},{"key":"b10-jns13550","series-title":"Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia","first-page":"300","article-title":"Hippocratis de Articulis Liber et Galeni in Eum Commentarii Quatuor","volume":"18","author":"Galen","year":"1829"},{"key":"b11-jns13550","series-title":"An Introduction to the History of Medicine, With Medical Chronology, Bibliographic Data and Test Questions","author":"Garrison","year":"1913"},{"key":"b12-jns13550","series-title":"World J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6464-8","article-title":"Paul of Aegina: landmark in surgical progress","volume":"27","author":"Gurunluoglu","year":"2003"},{"key":"b13-jns13550","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200112000-00038","article-title":"Paulus Aegineta, a seventh century encyclopedist and surgeon: his role in the history of plastic surgery","volume":"108","author":"Gurunluoglu","year":"2001"},{"key":"b14-jns13550","series-title":"Br J Haematol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03130.x","article-title":"Descriptions of blood and blood disorders before the advent of laboratory studies","volume":"115","author":"Hart","year":"2001"},{"key":"b15-jns13550","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200211000-00044","article-title":"Paul of Aegina","volume":"110","author":"Lascaratos","year":"2002"},{"key":"b16-jns13550","series-title":"Collectionvm Medicarvm Reliqviae, Vol I","author":"Oribasius","year":"1928\u20131929"},{"key":"b17-jns13550","series-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract","first-page":"277","article-title":"A most learned country doctor. 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