{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:57:10Z","timestamp":1793923030993,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors report on 2 cases of pediatric generalized dystonia with a <jats:italic>DYT1<\/jats:italic> mutation; the patients, an 11-year-old girl and a 9-year-old boy, underwent chronic, pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). The dystonic postures in both cases showed dramatic improvements with pallidal DBS, but each patient's symptoms gradually recurred within a year, irrespective of exhaustive readjustments of the stimulation settings. After the recurrence of the dystonic symptoms, the DBS leads were replaced within the GPi in one patient (Case 1) and additional DBS leads were implanted into the bilateral subthalamic nuclei in the other patient (Case 2). Neither measure produced any further clinical benefit, and the patient in Case 2 died of status dystonicus 2 days after reoperation. These findings suggest that early pallidal DBS for pediatric dystonia is indeed effective, although there are some cases in which its therapeutic effect is lost. One possible reason may be the ability of the preadolescent brain to tolerate chronic electrical stimuli during the active maturation process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.8.peds12578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T13:57:26Z","timestamp":1379080646000},"page":"476-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tolerance of early pallidal stimulation in pediatric generalized dystonia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Kaizuka Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oasis NeuroClinic, Ushiku, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds12578","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267430.95106.ff","article-title":"Sixty hertz pallidal deep brain stimulation for primary torsion dystonia","volume":"69","author":"Alterman","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-peds12578","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0382-x","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for torsion dystonia in children","volume":"23","author":"Alterman","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3-peds12578","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.207993","article-title":"Which patients with dystonia benefit from deep brain stimulation? 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