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Given data from animal studies documenting neurogenesis in response to trauma and other insults, the authors investigated whether similar responses could be found in children of different ages after TBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemistry was used to label doublecortin (DCX), a protein expressed by immature migrating neuroblasts (newborn neurons), in specimens from patients ranging in age from 3 weeks to 10 years who had died either after TBI or from other causes. Doublecortin-positive (DCX+) cells were examined in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and periventricular white matter (PWM) and were quantified within the granule cell layer (GCL) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus to determine if age and\/or injury affect the number of DCX+ cells in these regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DCX+ cells decreased in the SVZ as patient age increased and were found in abundance around a focal subacute infarct in a 1-month-old non-TBI patient, but were scarce in all other patients regardless of age or history of trauma. The DCX+ cells in the PWM and dentate gyrus demonstrated a migratory morphology and did not co-localize with markers for astrocytes, microglia, or macrophages. In addition, there were significantly more DCX+ cells in the GCL and SGZ of the dentate gyrus in children younger than 1 year old than in older children. The density of immature migrating neuroblasts in infants (under 1 year of age) was significantly greater than in young children (2\u20136 years of age, p = 0.006) and older children (7\u201310 years of age, p = 0.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main variable influencing the number of migrating neuroblasts observed in the SVZ, PWM, and hippocampus was patient age. Trauma had no discernible effect on the number of migrating neuroblasts in this cohort of patients in whom death typically occurred within hours to days after TBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.8.peds13154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,20]],"date-time":"2013-09-20T14:00:27Z","timestamp":1379685627000},"page":"545-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Maturation-dependent response of neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury in children"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sabrina R.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent T.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Costine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Christine","family":"Duhaime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds13154","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","first-page":"337","article-title":"Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. 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