{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:01:18Z","timestamp":1780736478316,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSMs) are challenging lesions for the skull base neurosurgeon to manage given their close association with cranial nerves II\u2013VI and the internal carotid artery. In the 1980s and early 1990s, with advancements in microsurgical techniques, increasing knowledge of the relevant microsurgical neuroanatomy, and the advent of advanced skull base surgical approaches, the treatment of CSMs involved attempts at gross-total resection (GTR). Initial fervor for a surgical cure waned, however, as skull base neurosurgeons demonstrated the limits of complete resection in this region, the ongoing issue of potential tumor recurrences, and the unacceptably high cranial nerve and vascular morbidity associated with this strategy. The advent of radiosurgery and its documented success for tumor growth control and limited morbidity in cavernous lesions has helped to shift the treatment goals for CSMs from GTR to tumor control and symptom relief while minimizing treatment- and lesion-associated morbidity. The authors review the relevant microanatomy of the cavernous sinus with anatomical and radiographic correlates, as well as the various treatment options. A modernized, multimodality treatment algorithm to guide management of these lesions is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.9.focus13345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T03:33:23Z","timestamp":1385868803000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The treatment of cavernous sinus meningiomas: evolution of a modern approach"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Klinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno C.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0350008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Large sphenoid wing meningiomas involving the cavernous sinus: conservative surgical strategies for better functional outcomes","volume":"54","author":"Abdel-Aziz","year":"2004"},{"key":"b2-0350008","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"197","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of intracranial meningiomas: a review","volume":"29","author":"Bondy","year":"1996"},{"key":"b3-0350008","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"28","article-title":"Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of exclusive cavernous sinus meningioma: functional outcome, local control, and tolerance","volume":"65","author":"Brell","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4-0350008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"148","article-title":"Decompression of cavernous sinus meningioma for preservation and improvement of cranial nerve function. 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