{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T20:03:30Z","timestamp":1772913810685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Palsy of the abducens nerve is a neurological sign that has a wide range of causes due to the nerve's extreme vulnerability. Need of immediate neuroimaging is a matter of debate in the literature, despite the risks of delaying the diagnosis of a skull base tumor.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The authors present 2 cases of skull base tumors in which the patients presented with recurrent and self-remitting episodes of sixth cranial nerve palsy (SCNP). In both cases the clinical history exceeded 1 year. In a 17-year-old boy the diagnosis was made because of the onset of headache when the tumor reached a very large size. In a 12-year-old boy the tumor was incidentally diagnosed when it was still small. In both patients surgery was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological diagnosis of the tumor was consistent with that of a chondrosarcoma in both cases.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Recurrent self-remitting episodes of SCNP, resembling transitory ischemic attacks, may be the presenting sign of a skull base tumor due to the anatomical relationships of these lesions with the petroclival segment of the sixth cranial nerve. Physicians should promptly recommend neuroimaging studies if SCNP presents with this peculiar course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.9.peds13356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T13:57:17Z","timestamp":1382104637000},"page":"633-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Recurrent and self-remitting sixth cranial nerve palsy: pathophysiological insight from skull base chondrosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Frassanito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Massimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Rigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ear, Nose, and Throat, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Tamburrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Conforti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concezio","family":"Di Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Caldarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds13356","series-title":"Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1246218","article-title":"Cranial chondrosarcoma and recurrence","volume":"20","author":"Bloch","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2-peds13356","series-title":"J Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2001.20073","article-title":"Unilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy caused by skull base mass lesions: case series","volume":"30","author":"Campisi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-peds13356","series-title":"J AAPOS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.03.015","article-title":"Recurrent sixth nerve palsy associated with a hypoplastic Dorello's canal","volume":"15","author":"Chua","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4-peds13356","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01774391","article-title":"Intracranial malignant cartilaginous tumours. Report of two cases and review of literature","volume":"45","author":"Cianfriglia","year":"1978"},{"key":"b5-peds13356","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1929-z","article-title":"The role of neuroimaging in the evaluation process of children with isolated sixth nerve palsy","volume":"29","author":"Dotan","year":"2013"},{"key":"b6-peds13356","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00424-3","article-title":"Pediatric third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies: a population-based study","volume":"127","author":"Holmes","year":"1999"},{"key":"b7-peds13356","series-title":"Clin Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22047","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the abducens nerve","volume":"25","author":"Joo","year":"2012"},{"key":"b8-peds13356","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.10.045","article-title":"The innervation of the cranial dura mater: neurosurgical case correlates and a review of the literature","volume":"78","author":"Kemp","year":"2012"},{"key":"b9-peds13356","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01505.x","article-title":"Isolated sixth nerve palsy secondary to spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"13","author":"Khemka","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10-peds13356","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74484-8","article-title":"Acquired oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent cranial nerve palsies in pediatric patients","volume":"114","author":"Kodsi","year":"1992"},{"key":"b11-peds13356","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(98)00090-3","article-title":"Sixth nerve palsies in children","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"1999"},{"key":"b12-peds13356","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.142794","article-title":"Benign recurrent sixth (abducens) nerve palsies in children","volume":"94","author":"Mahoney","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13-peds13356","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701687283","article-title":"Abducent nerve paralysis: first clinical sign of clivus metastasis from tonsillar carcinoma","volume":"128","author":"Marchese-Ragona","year":"2008"},{"key":"b14-peds13356","series-title":"Med Decis Making","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9901900106","article-title":"A practice pathway for the initial diagnostic evaluation of isolated sixth cranial nerve palsies","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 1","key":"b15-peds13356","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS1","article-title":"Microanatomical architecture of Dorello's canal and its clinical implications","volume":"60","author":"Ozveren","year":"2007"},{"key":"b16-peds13356","series-title":"Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35749-1","article-title":"Dural and arachnoid membraneous protection of the abducens nerve at the petroclival region","volume":"12","author":"Ozveren","year":"2002"},{"key":"b17-peds13356","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0229-1","article-title":"Clivus metastases: report of seven patients and literature review","volume":"151","author":"Pallini","year":"2009"},{"key":"b18-peds13356","series-title":"Acta Neurochir 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