{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:37:06Z","timestamp":1777945026187,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During his lifetime and a career spanning 42 years, James Watson Kernohan made numerous contributions to neuropathology, neurology, and neurosurgery. One of these, the phenomenon of ipsilateral, false localizing signs caused by compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial edge, has widely become known as \u201cKernohan's notch\u201d and continues to bear his name. The other is a grading system for gliomas from a neurosurgical viewpoint that continues to be relevant for grading of glial tumors 60 years after its introduction. In this paper, the authors analyze these two major contributions in detail within the context of Kernohan's career and explore how they contributed to the development of neurosurgical procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.1.focus13575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T03:34:55Z","timestamp":1396323295000},"page":"E4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["From the notch to a glioma grading system: the neurological contributions of James Watson Kernohan"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sam","family":"Safavi-Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Hanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Sughrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Theodore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Preul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0360004","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"43","article-title":"Primary sarcomas of the brain: review of the literature and report of twelve cases","volume":"50","author":"Abbott","year":"1943"},{"key":"b2-0360004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1103","article-title":"The tentorial notch: anatomical variation, morphometric analysis, and classification in 100 human autopsy cases","volume":"96","author":"Adler","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3-0360004","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"155","article-title":"James W. Kernohan","volume":"31","author":"Bailey","year":"1972"},{"key":"b4-0360004","series-title":"Classification of the Tumours of the Glioma Group on a Histogenetic Basis with a Correlated Study of Prognosis","author":"Bailey","year":"1926"},{"key":"b5-0360004","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"999","article-title":"Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan's notch syndrome: case report","volume":"54","author":"Binder","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-0360004","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"490","article-title":"The false localising signs of intracranial tumour","volume":"27","author":"Collier","year":"1904"},{"key":"b7-0360004","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"413","article-title":"Henry William Woltman, M.D., 1889\u20131964","volume":"15","author":"Corbin","year":"1965"},{"key":"b8-0360004","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"107","article-title":"James Watson Kernohan: 1896\u20131981","volume":"21","author":"Dahlin","year":"1984"},{"key":"b9-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"296","article-title":"The Kernohan-Woltman phenomenon and laterality of motor control: fresh analysis of data in the article \u201cIncisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor\u201d","volume":"287","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b10-0360004","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"527","article-title":"James Watson Kernohan (1896\u20131981): Frontiers in neuropathology","volume":"25","author":"Etienne","year":"2012"},{"key":"b11-0360004","series-title":"Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd","first-page":"32","article-title":"Ein Fall von Duraendotheliom \u00fcber der Grosshirnhemisph\u00e4re mit einer bemerkenswerten Komplikation: L\u00e4sion des gekreuzten Pes pedunculi durch Druck auf den Rand des Tentoriums","volume":"97","author":"Groeneveld","year":"1927"},{"key":"b12-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"1558","article-title":"James Watson Kernohan (1896\u20131981)","volume":"252","author":"Haines","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"190","article-title":"Brainstem ischemia in acute herniation syndrome","volume":"268","author":"Hussain","year":"2008"},{"key":"b14-0360004","series-title":"Ariz Med","first-page":"169","article-title":"Sarcomas of the brain","volume":"20","author":"Kernohan","year":"1963"},{"key":"b15-0360004","series-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin","first-page":"71","article-title":"A simplified classification of the gliomas","volume":"24","author":"Kernohan","year":"1949"},{"key":"b16-0360004","series-title":"Prog Clin Cancer","first-page":"414","article-title":"Sarcomas of the brain","volume":"10","author":"Kernohan","year":"1965"},{"key":"b17-0360004","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"274","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"21","author":"Kernohan","year":"1929"},{"key":"b18-0360004","series-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin","first-page":"69","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"3","author":"Kernohan","year":"1928"},{"key":"b19-0360004","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"349","article-title":"Gliomas of the cerebellopontine angle","volume":"7","author":"Kernohan","year":"1948"},{"key":"b20-0360004","series-title":"Glia","first-page":"211","article-title":"Histopathology, classification, and grading of gliomas","volume":"15","author":"Kleihues","year":"1995"},{"key":"b21-0360004","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"387","article-title":"Herniation of the brain","volume":"4","author":"Meyer","year":"1920"},{"key":"b22-0360004","series-title":"Eur Neurol","first-page":"230","article-title":"Kernohan's notch","volume":"55","author":"Pearce","year":"2006"},{"key":"b23-0360004","series-title":"Practical Surgical Neuropathology: A Diagnostic Approach","author":"Perry","year":"2010"},{"key":"b24-0360004","series-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand","first-page":"51","article-title":"Grading of gliomas","volume":"27","author":"Ringertz","year":"1950"},{"key":"b25-0360004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"574","article-title":"Editorial. Multiple craniotomies","volume":"114","author":"Sarkar","year":"2011"},{"key":"b26-0360004","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"337","article-title":"In memoriam: James W. Kernohan, M.D. (1896\u20131981)","volume":"41","author":"Sayre","year":"1982"},{"key":"b27-0360004","series-title":"Am J Cancer","first-page":"350","article-title":"A glioma in a dog and a pinealoma in a silver fox (Vulpes fulvus)","volume":"24","author":"Schlotthauer","year":"1935"},{"key":"b28-0360004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"391","article-title":"Emergency suboccipital decompression for respiratory arrest during supratentorial surgery: the untold story of a surgeon's courage in times of despair. Historical vignette","volume":"110","author":"Shelton","year":"2009"},{"key":"b29-0360004","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"422","article-title":"The tentorial notch and complications produced by herniations of the brain through that aperture","volume":"45","author":"Sunderland","year":"1958"},{"key":"b30-0360004","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","first-page":"1169","article-title":"A simplified classification of the gliomas, based on the concept of anaplasia","volume":"29","author":"Svien","year":"1949"},{"key":"b31-0360004","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"259","article-title":"Kernohan's notch and misdiagnosis","volume":"345","author":"Wolf","year":"1995"},{"key":"b32-0360004","series-title":"Mol Chem Neuropathol","first-page":"103","article-title":"An overview of principles for classifying brain tumors","volume":"17","author":"Yates","year":"1992"},{"key":"b33-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Kernohan's notch phenomenon demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"79","author":"Yoo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b1-0360004","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"43","article-title":"Primary sarcomas of the brain: review of the literature and report of twelve cases","volume":"50","author":"Abbott","year":"1943"},{"key":"b2-0360004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1103","article-title":"The tentorial notch: anatomical variation, morphometric analysis, and classification in 100 human autopsy cases","volume":"96","author":"Adler","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3-0360004","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"155","article-title":"James W. Kernohan","volume":"31","author":"Bailey","year":"1972"},{"key":"b4-0360004","series-title":"Classification of the Tumours of the Glioma Group on a Histogenetic Basis with a Correlated Study of Prognosis","author":"Bailey","year":"1926"},{"key":"b5-0360004","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"999","article-title":"Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan's notch syndrome: case report","volume":"54","author":"Binder","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-0360004","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"490","article-title":"The false localising signs of intracranial tumour","volume":"27","author":"Collier","year":"1904"},{"key":"b7-0360004","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"413","article-title":"Henry William Woltman, M.D., 1889\u20131964","volume":"15","author":"Corbin","year":"1965"},{"key":"b8-0360004","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"107","article-title":"James Watson Kernohan: 1896\u20131981","volume":"21","author":"Dahlin","year":"1984"},{"key":"b9-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"296","article-title":"The Kernohan-Woltman phenomenon and laterality of motor control: fresh analysis of data in the article \u201cIncisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor\u201d","volume":"287","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b10-0360004","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"527","article-title":"James Watson Kernohan (1896\u20131981): Frontiers in neuropathology","volume":"25","author":"Etienne","year":"2012"},{"key":"b11-0360004","series-title":"Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd","first-page":"32","article-title":"Ein Fall von Duraendotheliom \u00fcber der Grosshirnhemisph\u00e4re mit einer bemerkenswerten Komplikation: L\u00e4sion des gekreuzten Pes pedunculi durch Druck auf den Rand des Tentoriums","volume":"97","author":"Groeneveld","year":"1927"},{"key":"b12-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"1558","article-title":"James Watson Kernohan (1896\u20131981)","volume":"252","author":"Haines","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"190","article-title":"Brainstem ischemia in acute herniation syndrome","volume":"268","author":"Hussain","year":"2008"},{"key":"b14-0360004","series-title":"Ariz Med","first-page":"169","article-title":"Sarcomas of the brain","volume":"20","author":"Kernohan","year":"1963"},{"key":"b15-0360004","series-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin","first-page":"71","article-title":"A simplified classification of the gliomas","volume":"24","author":"Kernohan","year":"1949"},{"key":"b16-0360004","series-title":"Prog Clin Cancer","first-page":"414","article-title":"Sarcomas of the brain","volume":"10","author":"Kernohan","year":"1965"},{"key":"b17-0360004","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"274","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"21","author":"Kernohan","year":"1929"},{"key":"b18-0360004","series-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin","first-page":"69","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"3","author":"Kernohan","year":"1928"},{"key":"b19-0360004","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"349","article-title":"Gliomas of the cerebellopontine angle","volume":"7","author":"Kernohan","year":"1948"},{"key":"b20-0360004","series-title":"Glia","first-page":"211","article-title":"Histopathology, classification, and grading of gliomas","volume":"15","author":"Kleihues","year":"1995"},{"key":"b21-0360004","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"387","article-title":"Herniation of the brain","volume":"4","author":"Meyer","year":"1920"},{"key":"b22-0360004","series-title":"Eur Neurol","first-page":"230","article-title":"Kernohan's notch","volume":"55","author":"Pearce","year":"2006"},{"key":"b23-0360004","series-title":"Practical Surgical Neuropathology: A Diagnostic Approach","author":"Perry","year":"2010"},{"key":"b24-0360004","series-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand","first-page":"51","article-title":"Grading of gliomas","volume":"27","author":"Ringertz","year":"1950"},{"key":"b25-0360004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"574","article-title":"Editorial. Multiple craniotomies","volume":"114","author":"Sarkar","year":"2011"},{"key":"b26-0360004","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"337","article-title":"In memoriam: James W. Kernohan, M.D. (1896\u20131981)","volume":"41","author":"Sayre","year":"1982"},{"key":"b27-0360004","series-title":"Am J Cancer","first-page":"350","article-title":"A glioma in a dog and a pinealoma in a silver fox (Vulpes fulvus)","volume":"24","author":"Schlotthauer","year":"1935"},{"key":"b28-0360004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"391","article-title":"Emergency suboccipital decompression for respiratory arrest during supratentorial surgery: the untold story of a surgeon's courage in times of despair. Historical vignette","volume":"110","author":"Shelton","year":"2009"},{"key":"b29-0360004","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"422","article-title":"The tentorial notch and complications produced by herniations of the brain through that aperture","volume":"45","author":"Sunderland","year":"1958"},{"key":"b30-0360004","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","first-page":"1169","article-title":"A simplified classification of the gliomas, based on the concept of anaplasia","volume":"29","author":"Svien","year":"1949"},{"key":"b31-0360004","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"259","article-title":"Kernohan's notch and misdiagnosis","volume":"345","author":"Wolf","year":"1995"},{"key":"b32-0360004","series-title":"Mol Chem Neuropathol","first-page":"103","article-title":"An overview of principles for classifying brain tumors","volume":"17","author":"Yates","year":"1992"},{"key":"b33-0360004","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Kernohan's notch phenomenon demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"79","author":"Yoo","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/36\/4\/article-pE4.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/36\/4\/article-pE4.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/36\/4\/article-pE4.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:39:46Z","timestamp":1777711186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/36\/4\/article-pE4.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.1.focus13575","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}}}