{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1794324256662,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve is the most common factor associated with the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Microvascular decompression (MVD) has proven to be the most successful and durable surgical approach for this disorder. However, not all patients with TN manifest unequivocal neurovascular compression (NVC). Furthermore, over time patients with an initially successful MVD manifest a relentless rate of TN recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors performed a retrospective review of cases of TN Type 1 (TN1) or Type 2 (TN2) involving patients 18 years or older who underwent evaluation (and surgery when indicated) at Oregon Health &amp; Science University between July 2006 and February 2013. Surgical and imaging findings were correlated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review identified a total of 257 patients with TN (219 with TN1 and 38 with TN2) who underwent high-resolution MRI and MR angiography with 3D reconstruction of combined images using OsiriX. Imaging data revealed that the occurrence of TN1 and TN2 without NVC was 28.8% and 18.4%, respectively. A subgroup of 184 patients underwent surgical exploration. Imaging findings were highly correlated with surgical findings, with a sensitivity of 96% for TN1 and TN2 and a specificity of 90% for TN1 and 66% for TN2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging detects NVC with a high degree of sensitivity. However, despite a diagnosis of TN1 or TN2, a significant number of patients have no NVC. Trigeminal neuralgia clearly occurs and recurs in the absence of NVC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.1.jns131410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]],"date-time":"2014-02-07T09:59:31Z","timestamp":1391767171000},"page":"1048-1054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Trigeminal neuralgia occurs and recurs in the absence of neurovascular compression"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Albert","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"McCartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cole","family":"Burbidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Raslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim J.","family":"Burchiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.1.0001","article-title":"Microvascular compression: an alternative view and hypothesis","volume":"70","author":"Adams","year":"1989"},{"key":"b2-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.11.1020","article-title":"The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by posterior fossa microsurgery","volume":"45","author":"Adams","year":"1982"},{"key":"b3-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000197117.34888.DE","article-title":"High-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled imaging in the evaluation of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a double-blind pilot study","volume":"58","author":"Anderson","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4-jns131410","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"351","article-title":"Surgery for tic douloureux","volume":"31","author":"Apfelbaum","year":"1983"},{"key":"b5-jns131410","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604253341701","article-title":"The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"334","author":"Barker","year":"1996"},{"key":"b6-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.3.0359","article-title":"Evaluation of microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in 252 cases of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"71","author":"Bederson","year":"1989"},{"key":"b7-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000088806.11659.D8","article-title":"A new classification for facial pain","volume":"53","author":"Burchiel","year":"2003"},{"key":"b8-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.1.0035","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"69","author":"Burchiel","year":"1988"},{"key":"b9-jns131410","series-title":"Eur Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2216-1","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: assessment with T2 VISTA and FLAIR VISTA fusion imaging","volume":"21","author":"Cha","year":"2011"},{"key":"b10-jns131410","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(03)00012-X","article-title":"Comparison of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression and microvascular decompression for the management of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"2003"},{"key":"b11-jns131410","series-title":"Aust N Z J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1994.tb02171.x","article-title":"Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by posterior fossa microvascular decompression","volume":"64","author":"Cutbush","year":"1994"},{"key":"b12-jns131410","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(34)90403-7","article-title":"Concerning the cause of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"24","author":"Dandy","year":"1934"},{"key":"b13-jns131410","series-title":"Clin J Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200201000-00002","article-title":"Pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia: the ignition hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Devor","year":"2002"},{"key":"b14-jns131410","series-title":"Trigeminal Neuralgia: Current Concepts Regarding Pathogenesis and Treatment","author":"Fromm","year":"1991"},{"key":"b15-jns131410","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000326598.83183.04","article-title":"Practice parameter: the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies","volume":"71","author":"Gronseth","year":"2008"},{"key":"b16-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.52.3.0381","article-title":"Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve. An anatomical study with clinical correlation","volume":"52","author":"Haines","year":"1980"},{"key":"b17-jns131410","series-title":"Clin Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:6<371::AID-CA1>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa, with special reference to trigeminal neuralgia. 1. Review of the literature and development of a new method of vascular injection-filling in cadaveric controls","volume":"10","author":"Hamlyn","year":"1997"},{"key":"b18-jns131410","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"380","article-title":"Neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa, with special reference to trigeminal neuralgia. 2. Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in cadaveric controls and patients with trigeminal neuralgia: quantification and influence of method","volume":"10","author":"Hamlyn","year":"1997"},{"key":"b19-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.6.0948","article-title":"Neurovascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia: a clinical and anatomical study","volume":"76","author":"Hamlyn","year":"1992"},{"key":"b20-jns131410","series-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4687.1015","article-title":"Rare forms of paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia, and their relation to disseminated sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Harris","year":"1950"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"b21-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1967.26.1part2.0159","article-title":"Arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"26","author":"Jannetta","year":"1967"},{"key":"b22-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200103000-00013","article-title":"Percutaneous controlled radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: 25-year experience with 1,600 patients","volume":"48","author":"Kanpolat","year":"2001"},{"key":"b23-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199201000-00009","article-title":"Microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: personal experience with 220 patients","volume":"30","author":"Klun","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24-jns131410","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(84)90005-3","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. A five-year follow-up study","volume":"22","author":"Kolluri","year":"1984"},{"key":"b25-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"46","article-title":"Follow-up results of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm","volume":"40","author":"Kondo","year":"1997"},{"key":"b26-jns131410","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"817","article-title":"Preoperative demonstration of the neurovascular compression characteristics with special emphasis on the degree of compression, using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective study, with comparison to surgical findings, in 100 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"152","author":"Leal","year":"2010"},{"key":"b27-jns131410","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000099923","article-title":"Microvascular decompression and percutaneous rhizotomy in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"68","author":"Lee","year":"1997"},{"key":"b28-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200002000-00019","article-title":"Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attributable to veins after microvascular decompression","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2000"},{"key":"b29-jns131410","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(96)00250-9","article-title":"Reoperation for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression","volume":"47","author":"Liao","year":"1997"},{"key":"b30-jns131410","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.12.2347","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: pathology and pathogenesis","volume":"124","author":"Love","year":"2001"},{"key":"b31-jns131410","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Central demyelination of the Vth nerve root in trigeminal neuralgia associated with vascular compression","volume":"8","author":"Love","year":"1998"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b32-jns131410","series-title":"Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0410-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of typical and atypical craniofacial neuralgias","volume":"26","author":"Manzoni","year":"2005"},{"key":"b33-jns131410","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699550041692","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia treated by microvascular decompression: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"9","author":"Mendoza","year":"1995"},{"key":"b34-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/3\/0477","article-title":"Preoperative visualization of neurovascular anatomy in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"108","author":"Miller","year":"2008"},{"key":"b35-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.6.17620","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of trigeminal neurovascular compression in patients with and without trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical article","volume":"110","author":"Miller","year":"2009"},{"key":"b36-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"933","article-title":"Findings and long-term results of subsequent operations after failed microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"39","author":"Rath","year":"1996"},{"key":"b37-jns131410","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"16","article-title":"[Microsurgical vascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia. Comparison of 2 technical modalities and physiopathologic deductions. A study of 120 cases.]","volume":"36","author":"Sindou","year":"1990"},{"key":"b38-jns131410","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01476425","article-title":"Long-term results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia with reference to probability of recurrence","volume":"126","author":"Sun","year":"1994"},{"key":"b39-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30335-8","article-title":"Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy","volume":"8","author":"Taha","year":"1997"},{"key":"b40-jns131410","series-title":"Clin J Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181ada29c","article-title":"Relationship between the curative effects of carbamazepine administration and the neurovascular compression volume of the trigeminal nerve measured using magnetic resonance cisternography","volume":"25","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009"},{"key":"b41-jns131410","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: comparison of long-term outcome after radiofrequency rhizotomy and microvascular decompression","volume":"48","author":"Tronnier","year":"2001"},{"key":"b42-jns131410","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.6.0757","article-title":"A 10-year experience in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Comparison of percutaneous stereotaxic rhizotomy and posterior fossa exploration","volume":"57","author":"van Loveren","year":"1982"},{"key":"b43-jns131410","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405533","article-title":"Patient's assessment of outcome after three surgical procedures for the management of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"122","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"1993"},{"key":"b44-jns131410","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.10.1362","article-title":"Outcome following microsurgical vascular decompression or partial sensory rhizotomy in 125 cases of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"34","author":"Zorman","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/120\/5\/article-p1048.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/120\/5\/article-p1048.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/120\/5\/article-p1048.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T09:27:42Z","timestamp":1658654862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/120\/5\/article-p1048.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.1.jns131410","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}