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It is increasingly being used as an extension to mechanical CPR for patients who have suffered cardiac arrest if the underlying cause of cardiac arrest is thought to be reversible. Identifying which patients should be placed on emergency ECMO after cardiac arrest is controversial given its high morbidity and mortality. ECMO in neurosurgical settings has associated risks of intracranial hemorrhage and neurological compromise, while resource utilization is paramount given the high costs of this treatment. This paper is significant because it describes the use of ECMO in an unindicated setting. Limited data are available for ECMO usage after cardiac arrest with baseline cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, this paper raises important considerations for extracorporeal CPR use in a patient who had recently undergone craniotomy. The patient in this report remained on ECMO for 48 hours, after which he was successfully weaned. He developed a pericardial effusion and compartment syndrome from the ECMO but made a complete neurological recovery. Use of ECMO emergently in an appropriately chosen neurosurgical patient is safe, even in the setting of baseline cerebral ischemia and recent craniotomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.jns141054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T17:26:06Z","timestamp":1433957166000},"page":"693-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiac arrest during moyamoya cerebral revascularization surgery: case report"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Choudhri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aatman","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, 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