{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:52:52Z","timestamp":1790549572173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ActiGait drop foot stimulator is a promising technique for restoration of lost ankle function by an implantable hybrid stimulation system. It allows ankle dorsiflexion by active peroneal nerve stimulation during the swing phase of gait. In this paper the authors report the outcome of the first prospective study on a large number of patients with stroke-related drop foot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty-seven patients who experienced a stroke and with persisting spastic leg paresis received an implantable ActiGait drop foot stimulator for restoration of ankle movement after successful surface test stimulation. After 3 to 5 weeks, the stimulator was activated, and gait speed, gait endurance, and activation time of the system were evaluated and compared with preoperative gait tests. In addition, patient satisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Postoperative gait speed significantly improved from 33.9 seconds per 20 meters to 17.9 seconds per 20 meters (p &lt; 0.0001), gait endurance from 196 meters in 6 minutes to 401 meters in 6 minutes (p &lt; 0.0001), and activation time from 20.5 seconds to 10.6 seconds on average (p &lt; 0.0001). In 2 patients with nerve injury, surgical repositioning of the electrode cuff became necessary. One patient showed a delayed wound healing, and in another patient the system had to be removed because of a wound infection. Marked improvement in mobility, social participation, and quality of life was confirmed by 89% to 96% of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator improves gait speed, endurance, and quality of life in patients with stroke-related drop foot. Regarding gait speed, the ActiGait system appears to be advantageous compared with foot orthosis or surface stimulation devices. Randomized trials with more patients and longer observation periods are needed to prove the long-term benefit of this device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.jns142110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T13:59:16Z","timestamp":1437746356000},"page":"70-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Restoration of ankle movements with the ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator: a safe and reliable treatment option for permanent central leg palsy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Klaus Daniel","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carl-Gustav-Carus University Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witold Henryk","family":"Polanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carl-Gustav-Carus University Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carl-Gustav-Carus University Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"J\u00f6bges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologic Rehabilitation Centre, Brandenburg Klinik, Bernau-Waldsiedlung, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansjoerg","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiologische Praxis Dresden, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Schackert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carl-Gustav-Carus University Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Pinzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carl-Gustav-Carus University Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan B.","family":"Sobottka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carl-Gustav-Carus University Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns142110","series-title":"Neuromodulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2009.00250.x","article-title":"The effects of the Odstock drop foot stimulator on perceived quality of life for people with stroke and multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Barrett","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2-jns142110","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0039","article-title":"Phase II trial to evaluate the ActiGait implanted drop-foot stimulator in established hemiplegia","volume":"39","author":"Burridge","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3-jns142110","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0268","article-title":"Patients\u2019 perceptions of the benefits and problems of using the ActiGait implanted drop-foot stimulator","volume":"40","author":"Burridge","year":"2008"},{"key":"b4-jns142110","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000104665.34557.56","article-title":"Leg muscle activation patterns of sit-to-stand movement in stroke patients","volume":"83","author":"Cheng","year":"2004"},{"key":"b5-jns142110","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.533243","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of ankle-foot orthosis use on balance and mobility in hemiparetic stroke patients","volume":"33","author":"Do\u011fan","year":"2011"},{"key":"b6-jns142110","series-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci","first-page":"557","article-title":"Towards physiological ankle movements with the ActiGait implantable drop foot stimulator in chronic stroke","volume":"31","author":"Ernst","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-jns142110","series-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309349939","article-title":"Does functional electrical stimulation for foot drop strengthen corticospinal connections?","volume":"24","author":"Everaert","year":"2010"},{"key":"b8-jns142110","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.11.012","article-title":"Effect of ankle-foot orthosis alignment and foot-plate length on the gait of adults with poststroke hemiplegia","volume":"90","author":"Fatone","year":"2009"},{"key":"b9-jns142110","series-title":"Clin Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215503cr622oa","article-title":"Effects of an ankle-foot orthosis on spatiotemporal parameters and energy cost of hemiparetic gait","volume":"17","author":"Franceschini","year":"2003"},{"key":"b10-jns142110","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.3.271","article-title":"Joint dependent passive stiffness in paretic and contralateral limbs of spastic patients with hemiparetic stroke","volume":"59","author":"Given","year":"1995"},{"key":"b11-jns142110","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1080\/0963828031000122221","article-title":"People with stroke living in the community: Attention deficits, balance, ADL ability and falls","volume":"25","author":"Hyndman","year":"2003"},{"key":"b12-jns142110","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000334","article-title":"Foot drop stimulation versus ankle foot orthosis after stroke: 30-week outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Kluding","year":"2013"},{"key":"b13-jns142110","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.05.002","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of an implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator on walking speed and activity in poststroke hemiplegia","volume":"88","author":"Kottink","year":"2007"},{"key":"b14-jns142110","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.6.1279","article-title":"Estimates of the prevalence of acute stroke impairments and disability in a multiethnic population","volume":"32","author":"Lawrence","year":"2001"},{"key":"b15-jns142110","series-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2002.806832","article-title":"A review of portable FES-based neural orthoses for the correction of drop foot","volume":"10","author":"Lyons","year":"2002"},{"key":"b16-jns142110","series-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \u201cUp & Go\u201d: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991"},{"key":"b17-jns142110","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.02.026","article-title":"The therapeutic effect of functional and transcutaneous electric stimulation on improving gait speed in stroke patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Robbins","year":"2006"},{"key":"b18-jns142110","series-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309347681","article-title":"Long-term therapeutic and orthotic effects of a foot drop stimulator on walking performance in progressive and nonprogressive neurological disorders","volume":"24","author":"Stein","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/124\/1\/article-p70.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/124\/1\/article-p70.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/124\/1\/article-p70.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T09:59:54Z","timestamp":1709978394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/124\/1\/article-p70.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.12.jns142110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}