{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:50:37Z","timestamp":1792176637971,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate atrophic changes in trigeminal nerves (TGNs) using measurements of volume (V) and cross-sectional area (CSA) from high-resolution 3-T MR images obtained in patients with unilateral trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and to correlate these data with patient and neurovascular compression (NVC) characteristics and with clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Anatomical TGN parameters (V and CSA) were obtained in 50 patients (30 women and 20 men; mean age 56.42 years, range 22\u201379 years) with classic TN before treatment with microvascular decompression (MVD). Parameters were compared between the symptomatic (ipsilateralTN) and asymptomatic (contralateralTN) sides of the face. Twenty normal control subjects were also included. Two independent observers blinded to the side of pain separately analyzed the images. Measurements of V (from the pons to the entrance of the nerve into Meckel's cave) and CSA (at 5 mm from the entry of the TGN into the pons) for each TGN were performed using imaging software and axial and coronal projections, respectively. These data were correlated with patient characteristics (age, duration of symptoms before MVD, side of pain, sex, and area of pain distribution), NVC characteristics (type of vessel involved in NVC, location of compression along the nerve, site of compression around the circumference of the root, and degree of compression), and clinical outcomes at the 2-year follow-up after surgery. Comparisons were made using Bonferroni's test. Interobserver variability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean V of the TGN on the ipsilateralTN (60.35 \u00b1 21.74 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) was significantly smaller (p &lt; 0.05) than those for the contralateralTN and controls (78.62 \u00b1 24.62 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and 89.09 \u00b1 14.72 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, respectively). The mean CSA of the TGN on the ipsilateralTN (4.17 \u00b1 1.74 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was significantly smaller than those for the contralateralTN and controls (5.41 \u00b1 1.89 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 5.64 \u00b1 0.85 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, respectively). The ipsilateralTN with NVC Grade III (marked indentation) had a significantly smaller mean V than the ipsilateralTN with NVC Grade I (mere contact), although it was not significantly smaller than that of the ipsilateralTN with NVC Grade II (displacement or distortion of root). The ipsilateralTN with NVC Grade III had a significantly smaller mean CSA than the ipsilateralTN with NVC Grades I and II (p &lt; 0.05). The TGN on the ipsilateralTN in cured patients had a smaller mean CSA than that on the ipsilateralTN of patients with partial pain relief or treatment failure (p &lt; 0.05). The same finding was almost found in relation to measurements of V, but the p value was slightly higher at 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results showed that TGN atrophy in patients with TN can be demonstrated by high-resolution imaging. These data suggest that atrophic changes in TGNs, which significantly correlated with the severity of compression and clinical outcomes, may help to predict long-term prognosis after vascular decompression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.2.jns131288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T14:28:16Z","timestamp":1397831296000},"page":"1484-1495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Atrophic changes in the trigeminal nerves of patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular compression and their association with the severity of compression and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Paulo Roberto Lacerda","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery of the Faculty of Medicine of Sobral, Federal University Ceara, Sobral, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Barbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, University of Caen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Hermier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, University of Lyon 1, Lyon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angelo","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of Fortaleza, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Cristino-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery of the Faculty of Medicine of Sobral, Federal University Ceara, Sobral, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Sindou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns131288","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604253341701","article-title":"The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"334","author":"Barker","year":"1996"},{"key":"b2-jns131288","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.1.0035","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"69","author":"Burchiel","year":"1988"},{"key":"b3-jns131288","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02185.x","article-title":"AAN-EFNS guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management","volume":"15","author":"Cruccu","year":"2008"},{"key":"b4-jns131288","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.96.3.0532","article-title":"Mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia: an ultrastructural analysis of trigeminal root specimens obtained during microvascular decompression surgery","volume":"96","author":"Devor","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-jns131288","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2382042214","article-title":"Nerve atrophy in severe trigeminal neuralgia: non-invasive confirmation at MR imaging\u2014initial experience","volume":"238","author":"Erbay","year":"2006"},{"key":"b6-jns131288","series-title":"J Neuroimaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2010.00508.x","article-title":"High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging for the detection of diffusion abnormalities in the trigeminal nerves of patients with trigeminal neuralgia caused by neurovascular compression","volume":"21","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7-jns131288","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000326598.83183.04","article-title":"Practice parameter: the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies","volume":"71","author":"Gronseth","year":"2008"},{"key":"b8-jns131288","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"380","article-title":"Neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa, with special reference to trigeminal neuralgia. 2. 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