{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:31:24Z","timestamp":1783776684894,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Growing concern about potential adverse effects of ionizing radiation exposure during imaging studies is particularly relevant to the pediatric population. To decrease radiation exposure, many institutions use rapid-sequence (or quick-brain) MRI to evaluate cerebral ventricle size. There are obstacles, however, to widespread implementation of this imaging modality. The purpose of this study was to define and quantify these obstacles to positively affect institutional and governmental policy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 9-question survey was emailed to pediatric neurosurgeons who were either members or candidate members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons at every one of 101 institutions in the US and Canada having such a neurosurgeon on staff. Responses were compiled and descriptive statistics were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty-six institutions completed the survey. Forty-four (79%) of the 56 institutions currently have a rapid-sequence MRI protocol to evaluate ventricle size, while 36 (64%) use it routinely. Of the 44 institutions with a rapid-sequence MRI protocol, 29 (66%) have had a rapid-sequence MRI protocol for less than 5 years while 39 (89%) have had a rapid-sequence MRI protocol for no more than 10 years. Thirty-six (88%) of 41 rapid-sequence MRI users responding to this question obtain a T2-weighted rapid-sequence MRI while 13 (32%) obtain a T1-weighted rapid-sequence MRI. Twenty-eight (64%) of 44 institutions never use sedation while an additional 12 (27%) rarely use sedation to obtain a rapid-sequence MRI (less than 5% of studies). Of the institutions with an established rapid-sequence MRI protocol, obstacles to routine use include lack of emergency access to MRI facilities in 18 (41%), lack of staffing of MRI facilities in 12 (27%), and the inability to reimburse a rapid-sequence MRI protocol in 6 (14%). In the 12 institutions without rapid-sequence MRI, obstacles to implementation include lack of emergency access to MRI facilities in 8 (67%), lack of staffing of MRI facilities in 7 (58%), the inability to reimburse in 3 (25%), and lack of administrative support in 3 (25%). To evaluate pediatric head trauma, 53 (96%) of 55 institutions responding to this question use noncontrast CT, no institution uses rapid-sequence MRI, and only 2 (4%) use standard MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Many North American institutions have a rapid-sequence MRI protocol to evaluate ventricle size, with most developing this technique within the past 5 years. Most institutions never use sedation, and most obtain T2-weighted sequences. The greatest obstacles to the routine use of rapid-sequence MRI in institutions with and in those without a rapid-sequence MRI protocol are the lack of emergency access and staffing of the MRI facility during nights and weekends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.2.peds13567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T13:59:59Z","timestamp":1397224799000},"page":"636-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Results of a North American survey of rapid-sequence MRI utilization to evaluate cerebral ventricles in children"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lissa C.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan R.","family":"Selden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b1-peds13567","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"124","article-title":"Use of rapid-sequence magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of hydrocephalus in children","volume":"103","author":"Ashley","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2-peds13567","series-title":"Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(99)00140-X","article-title":"Ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging of the brain","volume":"18","author":"Ba-Ssalamaha","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3-peds13567","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.440","article-title":"Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007","volume":"169","author":"Berrington de Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2009"},{"key":"b4-peds13567","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072149","article-title":"Computed tomography\u2014an increasing source of radiation exposure","volume":"357","author":"Brenner","year":"2007"},{"key":"b5-peds13567","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199808000-00068","article-title":"Randomized trial of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design in pediatric hydrocephalus","volume":"43","author":"Drake","year":"1998"},{"key":"b6-peds13567","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A547","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.8.PEDS1322","article-title":"Preliminary experience with quick-spine magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cervical spine trauma in children","volume":"119","author":"Farrell","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-peds13567","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000028622","article-title":"Radiation exposure in the myelomeningocele population","volume":"28","author":"Gaskill","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b8-peds13567","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"147","article-title":"The use of quick-brain magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of shunt-treated hydrocephalus","volume":"101","author":"Iskandar","year":"2004"},{"key":"b9-peds13567","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3076","article-title":"Strengthening the argument for rapid brain MR imaging: estimation of reduction in lifetime attributable risk of developing fatal cancer in children with shunted hydrocephalus by instituting a rapid brain MR imaging protocol in lieu of head CT","volume":"33","author":"Koral","year":"2012"},{"key":"b10-peds13567","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1866","article-title":"Improved delineation of ventricular shunt catheters using fast steady-state gradient recalled-echo sequences in a rapid brain MR imaging protocol in nonsedated pediatric patients","volume":"31","author":"Miller","year":"2010"},{"key":"b11-peds13567","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3171\/PED.2008.2.12.438","article-title":"Quick-brain magnetic resonance imaging for nonhydrocephalus indications. Clinical article","volume":"2","author":"Missios","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12-peds13567","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.10.066","article-title":"Rapid sequence magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of children with hydrocephalus","volume":"80","author":"O'Neill","year":"2013"},{"key":"b13-peds13567","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.8.PEDS1322","article-title":"Analysis of limited-sequence head computed tomography for children with shunted hydrocephalus: potential to reduce diagnostic radiation exposure. Laboratory investigation","volume":"12","author":"Pindrik","year":"2013"},{"key":"b14-peds13567","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1769-x"},{"key":"b15-peds13567","author":"United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"key":"b16-peds13567","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(99)00140-X","article-title":"Eight-second MRI scan for evaluation of shunted hydrocephalus","volume":"28","author":"Wait","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/13\/6\/article-p636.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/13\/6\/article-p636.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/13\/6\/article-p636.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T14:17:57Z","timestamp":1681568277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/13\/6\/article-p636.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.2.peds13567","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}}}