{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T03:20:08Z","timestamp":1752981608692},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A previous study published by the authors showed that a single intervention could not change the baseline attitudes toward neurotrauma prevention. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple interventions in modifying knowledge and attitudes for the prevention of neurotrauma in Brazilian preteens and adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a randomized controlled trial, fifth-year primary school (PS) and second-year high school (HS) students were divided into a control and 2 intervention (single\/multiple) groups. The study was conducted in the following 8 stages: T1, questionnaire to measure baseline characteristics; T2, lecture on trauma prevention; T3, reapplying the questionnaire used in T1; T4, Traffic Department intervention; T5, a play about trauma and its consequences; T6, Fire Department intervention; T7, Emergency Medical Service intervention; and T8, reapplying the questionnaire used in T1 and T3. Positive answers were considered those affirming the use of safety devices \u201calways or sometimes\u201d and negative as \u201cnever\u201d using safety devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sample consisted of 535 students. Regarding attitudes, students in all groups at any stage of measurement showed protective behavior more than 95% of the time about seat belt use. There were only differences between attitudes in PS and HS students on T8 assessment concerning the use of safety equipment on bikes in the multiple-intervention group and concerning the use of safety equipment on skateboards and rollerblades in single- and multiple-intervention groups. These differences were caused mainly by the reduction in positive answers by the HS group, rather than by the increase in positive or protective answers by the PS group. However, there was no difference when the control and intervention groups were compared, independent of the attitudes or the student groups studied. The most important reason for not using protective devices was the belief that they would not get hurt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Multiple and different types of educational interventions, such as lectures, scenes from plays about trauma and its consequences, traffic and fire department intervention, and medical emergency intervention directed to preteens and adolescents from public and private schools did not modify most students' attitudes toward injury prevention. Clinical trial registration no: U1111\u20131121\u20130192 (National System of Ethics and Research in Brazil).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.3.peds13295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,25]],"date-time":"2014-04-25T14:10:50Z","timestamp":1398435050000},"page":"94-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["How can we teach them about neurotrauma prevention? Prospective and randomized \u201cPense Bem\u2014Caxias do Sul\u201d study with multiple interventions in preteens and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Asdrubal","family":"Falavigna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory Saraiva","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Acad\u00eamica Multidisciplinar de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Travi","family":"Canabarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Acad\u00eamica Multidisciplinar de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ongaratto","family":"Barazzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Acad\u00eamica Multidisciplinar de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grasiela","family":"Marcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Acad\u00eamica Multidisciplinar de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Massaro","family":"Carneiro Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Acad\u00eamica Multidisciplinar de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Bertholdo","family":"Bossardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Acad\u00eamica Multidisciplinar de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Guarise","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Acad\u00eamica Multidisciplinar de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisson Roberto","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Complexo Hospitalar da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Porto Alegre\u2013Hospital S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, Porto Alegre;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00edra Cristina","family":"Velho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Benefic\u00eancia Portuguesa, Porto Alegre; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscila","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds13295","series-title":"Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300701272474","article-title":"A randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of an infant home safety programme","volume":"14","author":"Babul","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-peds13295","series-title":"The Injury Fact Book","year":"1984"},{"key":"b3-peds13295","series-title":"Fatal injury surveillance in mortuaries and hospitals: a manual for practitioners","author":"Bartolomeos","year":"2012"},{"key":"b4-peds13295","series-title":"J Safety Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2009.01.002","article-title":"Unintentional childhood injuries in the United States: key findings from the CDC childhood injury report","volume":"40","author":"Borse","year":"2009"},{"key":"b5-peds13295","series-title":"J Pediatr Nurs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-5963(03)00144-1","article-title":"Children at risk of injury","volume":"19","author":"Bruce","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-peds13295","series-title":"J Sch Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2001.tb07312.x","article-title":"Safety makes sense: a program to prevent unintentional injuries in New York City public schools","volume":"71","author":"De Simone Eichel","year":"2001"},{"key":"b7-peds13295","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.PEDS11169","article-title":"Impact of an injury prevention program on teenagers' knowledge and attitudes: results of the Pense Bem-Caxias do Sul Project. 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