{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T17:47:37Z","timestamp":1759600057044},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ependymoblastoma is a rare and devastating primitive neuroectodermal tumor with ependymal differentiation. This tumor occurs very early in life and shows rapid growth and a diffuse infiltration through the leptomeningeal space. This neoplasm is characterized by uniform neuroepithelial cells, multilayered ependymal rosettes, perivascular pseudorosettes, and numerous mitotic figures. In this article, the authors report on a 4-year-old girl who was diagnosed as having an ependymoblastoma with cystic change. After a series of laboratory and imaging examinations, the left frontal solid-cystic lesion was surgically excised. Histological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of ependymoblastoma. The patient's intracranial hypertension symptoms were alleviated, and postoperative chemotherapy was performed. At the 6-month follow-up visit, MRI demonstrated evidence of relapse, and the girl died of tumor recurrence 14 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched for relevant articles published from 1970 to 2012; 71 eligible cases of ependymoblastoma were obtained, and 42 provided complete clinical details. Prognosis of children with ependymoblastoma is poor, and data on clinical behavior and optimal treatment strategies are lacking, but sustained remissions have been achieved after multimodal treatment according to existing literature. In this report, the clinical and histopathological features and therapeutic options of this tumor are discussed in the light of the published data. Further studies, especially those examining multimodality therapy, are needed to improve survival of children with this rare malignant CNS tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.3.peds13405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T13:59:59Z","timestamp":1397224799000},"page":"658-665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ependymoblastoma with cystic change in a child"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Daling","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ailing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deguang","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gefei","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongze","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds13405","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383725","article-title":"Ependymoblastoma: a clinical review","volume":"18","author":"Cervoni","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2-peds13405","series-title":"Histopathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1988.tb01913.x","article-title":"Ependymoblastoma: a histological, immunohistological and ultrastructural study of five cases","volume":"12","author":"Cruz-Sanchez","year":"1988"},{"key":"b3-peds13405","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.3.0273","article-title":"Ependymomas and ependymoblastomas in children","volume":"45","author":"Dohrmann","year":"1976"},{"key":"b4-peds13405","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02019056","article-title":"Ependymoblastoma: MR presentation. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Dorsay","year":"1995"},{"key":"b5-peds13405","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0347-x","article-title":"Outcome of 11 children with ependymoblastoma treated within the prospective HIT-trials between 1991 and 2006","volume":"102","author":"Gerber","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"b6-peds13405","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"253","article-title":"[Clinical features and CT scan findings of supratentorial ependymomas and ependymoblastomas.]","volume":"12","author":"Hanakita","year":"1984"},{"key":"b7-peds13405","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"144","article-title":"The fine structure of ependymoblastoma","volume":"32","author":"Hirano","year":"1973"},{"key":"b8-peds13405","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-007-9440-1","article-title":"Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors: a Canadian pediatric brain tumor consortium report","volume":"86","author":"Johnston","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-peds13405","series-title":"Brain Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00253.x","article-title":"Ependymoblastoma: dear, damned, distracting diagnosis, farewell!","volume":"20","author":"Judkins","year":"2010"},{"key":"b10-peds13405","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"673","article-title":"[An infant autopsy case of ependymoblastoma with high serum alpha fetoprotein (author's transl).]","volume":"8","author":"Kubo","year":"1980"},{"key":"b11-peds13405","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687975","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the ependymoblastoma","volume":"71","author":"Langford","year":"1986"},{"key":"b12-peds13405","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850501)55:9<1859::AID-CNCR2820550902>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Ependymoblastoma associated with prenatal exposure to diphenylhydantoin and methylphenobarbitone","volume":"55","author":"Lipson","year":"1985"},{"key":"b13-peds13405","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"92","article-title":"Ependymomas of childhood. 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Histological survey and clinicopathological correlation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"1976"},{"key":"b14-peds13405","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00692223","article-title":"Congenital ependymoblastoma","volume":"49","author":"Lorentzen","year":"1980"},{"key":"b15-peds13405","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system","volume":"114","author":"Louis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b16-peds13405","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"181","article-title":"Tentorial traversal by ependymoblastoma","volume":"12","author":"Monteferrante","year":"1991"},{"key":"b17-peds13405","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850401)55:7<1536::AID-CNCR2820550721>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Ependymoblastoma. A reappraisal of a rare embryonal tumor","volume":"55","author":"M\u00f8rk","year":"1985"},{"key":"b18-peds13405","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-007-9466-4","article-title":"A supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in an adult: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"86","author":"Ohba","year":"2008"},{"key":"b19-peds13405","series-title":"Patologia","first-page":"27","article-title":"Ependymoblastoma: informe de un caso y revisi\u00f3n de la literatura","volume":"9","author":"Olvera Rabiela","year":"1971"},{"key":"b20-peds13405","series-title":"J Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808314160","article-title":"Divergent ependymal tumor (ependymoblastoma\/anaplastic ependymoma) of the posterior fossa: an uncommon case observed in a child","volume":"23","author":"Ortiz","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-peds13405","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711150404","article-title":"An ependymoblastoma of the pons","volume":"115","author":"Queiroz","year":"1975"},{"key":"b22-peds13405","series-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686480","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in children with brain tumors","volume":"30","author":"Riccardi","year":"1992"},{"key":"b23-peds13405","series-title":"Arch Pathol","first-page":"35","article-title":"The definition of the ependymoblastoma","volume":"90","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1970"},{"key":"b24-peds13405","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197201000-00002","article-title":"Presidential address. Cytogenesis and differentiation of primitive central neuroepithelial tumors","volume":"31","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1972"},{"key":"b25-peds13405","series-title":"Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System","year":"1977"},{"key":"b26-peds13405","series-title":"Clin Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.5414\/NPP27078","article-title":"Congenital ependymoblastoma arising in the sacrococcygeal soft tissue: a case study","volume":"27","author":"Santi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b27-peds13405","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"121","article-title":"Brain tumors of early infants","volume":"1","author":"Sato","year":"1975"},{"key":"b28-peds13405","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"177","article-title":"Histologic prognostic factors in ependymoma","volume":"7","author":"Schiffer","year":"1991"},{"key":"b29-peds13405","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271949","article-title":"Primary intracranial ependymoblastoma presenting as spinal cord compression due to metastasis","volume":"2","author":"Shyn","year":"1986"},{"key":"b30-peds13405","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.6.0968","article-title":"Primary leptomeningeal ependymoblastoma. 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