{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:13:48Z","timestamp":1783041228349,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"\nObject<\/jats:title>\nCervical spondylosis that causes upper-extremity muscle atrophy without gait disturbance is called cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA). The distal type of CSA is characterized by weakness of the hand muscles. In this retrospective analysis, the authors describe the clinical features of the distal type of CSA and evaluate the results of surgical treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nThe authors performed a retrospective review of 17 consecutive cases involving 16 men and 1 woman (mean age 56.3 years) who underwent surgical treatment for the distal type of CSA. The condition was diagnosed on the basis of cervical spondylosis in the presence of muscle impairment of the upper extremity (intrinsic muscle and\/or finger extension muscles) without gait disturbance, and the presence of a compressive lesion involving the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the nerve root at the foramen, or both sites as seen on axial and sagittal views of MRI or CT myelography. The authors assessed spinal cord or nerve root impingement by MRI or CT myelography and evaluated surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nThe preoperative duration of symptoms averaged 11.8 months. There were 14 patients with impingement of the anterior horn of the spinal cord and 3 patients with both anterior horn and nerve root impingement. Twelve patients were treated with laminoplasty (plus foraminotomy in 1 case), 3 patients were treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and 2 patients were treated with posterior spinal fixation. The mean manual muscle testing grade was 2.4 (range 1\u20134) preoperatively and 3.4 (range 1\u20135) postoperatively. The surgical results were excellent in 7 patients, good in 2, and fair in 8.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nMost of the patients in this series of cases of the distal type of CSA suffered from impingement of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, and surgical outcome was fair in about half of the cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.spine13681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]],"date-time":"2014-06-13T14:27:15Z","timestamp":1402669635000},"page":"411-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Characteristics and surgical results of the distal type of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Tauchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Imagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidefumi","family":"Inoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasutsugu","family":"Yukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tokumi","family":"Kanemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisatake","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenya","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Muramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Ukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Shinjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Morozumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-spine13681","series-title":"Sekitsui Sekizui","first-page":"1104","article-title":"[The signs and symptoms of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy.]","volume":"22","author":"Ando","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-spine13681","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/75.2.187","article-title":"The neurological manifestations of cervical 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