{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T22:25:36Z","timestamp":1788128736697,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The medical literature continues to fail to support the use of lumbar epidural injections for long-term relief of chronic back pain without radiculopathy. There is limited support for the use of lumbar epidural injections for shortterm relief in selected patients with chronic back pain. Lumbar intraarticular facet injections are not recommended for the treatment of chronic lower-back pain. The literature does suggest the use of lumbar medial nerve blocks for short-term relief of facet-mediated chronic lower-back pain without radiculopathy. Lumbar medial nerve ablation is suggested for 3\u20136 months of relief for chronic lower-back pain without radiculopathy. Diagnostic medial nerve blocks by the double-injection technique with an 80% improvement threshold are an option to predict a favorable response to medial nerve ablation for facet-mediated chronic lower-back pain without radiculopathy, but there is no evidence to support the use of diagnostic medial nerve blocks to predict the outcomes in these same patients with lumbar fusion. There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of trigger point injections for chronic lowerback pain without radiculopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.spine14281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T15:04:26Z","timestamp":1404227066000},"page":"79-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 13: Injection therapies, low-back pain, and lumbar fusion"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"William C.","family":"Watters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Clinic of Houston, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Eck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports Medicine and Orthopaedics, Chattanooga, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoher","family":"Ghogawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alan and Jacqueline Stuart Spine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvir F.","family":"Choudhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Sharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Groff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay S.","family":"Dhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-spine14281","series-title":"Pain Physician","first-page":"185","article-title":"Epidural steroids in the management of chronic spinal pain: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Abdi","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-spine14281","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.010","article-title":"Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with facet injections and radiofrequency neurotomy","volume":"8","author":"Bogduk","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-spine14281","series-title":"Pain Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2005.00048.x","article-title":"A narrative review of intra-articular corticosteroid injections for low back pain","volume":"6","author":"Bogduk","year":"2005"},{"key":"b4-spine14281","series-title":"Adv Pain Res Ther","first-page":"927","article-title":"Treatment of chronic low back pain and sciatica. 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