{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T17:32:14Z","timestamp":1790530334229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraoperative monitoring (IOM) is commonly used during lumbar fusion surgery for the prevention of nerve root injury. Justification for its use stems from the belief that IOM can prevent nerve root injury during the placement of pedicle screws. A thorough literature review was conducted to determine if the use of IOM could prevent nerve root injury during the placement of instrumentation in lumbar or lumbosacral fusion. There is no evidence to date that IOM can prevent injury to the nerve roots. There is limited evidence that a threshold below 5 mA from direct stimulation of the screw can indicate a medial pedicle breach by the screw. Unfortunately, once a nerve root injury has taken place, changing the direction of the screw does not alter the outcome. The recommendations formulated in the original guideline effort are neither supported nor refuted with the evidence obtained with the current studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.spine14324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T15:04:26Z","timestamp":1404227066000},"page":"102-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 15: Electrophysiological monitoring and lumbar fusion"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alok","family":"Sharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Groff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoher","family":"Ghogawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alan and Jacqueline Stuart Spine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Watters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Clinic of Houston, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvir F.","family":"Choudhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Eck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports Medicine and Orthopaedics, Chattanooga, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay S.","family":"Dhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-spine14324","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2009.04.024","article-title":"Role of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in lumbosacral spine fusion and instrumentation: a retrospective study","volume":"73","author":"Alemo","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2-spine14324","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198404000-00006","article-title":"Cortical evoked potential monitoring. A system for intraoperative monitoring of spinal cord function","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"1984"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"b3-spine14324","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"S361","article-title":"Spinal cord monitoring. Results of the Scoliosis Research Society and the European Spinal Deformity Society survey","volume":"16","author":"Dawson","year":"1991"},{"key":"b4-spine14324","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.6.0807","article-title":"Intraoperative spinal somatosensory evoked potential monitoring","volume":"65","author":"Dinner","year":"1986"},{"key":"b5-spine14324","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199110000-00011","article-title":"Noninvasive intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials under propofol anesthesia: effects of spinal surgery on the amplitude and latency of motor evoked potentials","volume":"29","author":"Jellinek","year":"1991"},{"key":"b6-spine14324","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"220","article-title":"Somatosensory cortical evoked potentials: a review of 100 cases of intraoperative spinal surgery monitoring","volume":"3","author":"Keith","year":"1990"},{"key":"b7-spine14324","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199112000-00003","article-title":"Spinal cord monitoring in patients with nonidiopathic spinal deformities using somatosensory evoked potentials","volume":"16","author":"Loder","year":"1991"},{"key":"b8-spine14324","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.3.0354","article-title":"Conducted somatosensory evoked potentials during spinal surgery. Part 2: clinical applications","volume":"57","author":"Macon","year":"1982"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b9-spine14324","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1372-3","article-title":"Left iliac artery injury during anterior lumbar spine surgery diagnosed by intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring","volume":"19","author":"Nair","year":"2010"},{"key":"b10-spine14324","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.SPINE101","article-title":"Ability of electromyographic monitoring to determine the presence of malpositioned pedicle screws in the lumbosacral spine: analysis of 2450 consecutively placed screws. Clinical article","volume":"15","author":"Parker","year":"2011"},{"key":"b11-spine14324","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.6.0725","article-title":"Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 15: electrophysiological monitoring and lumbar fusion","volume":"2","author":"Resnick","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/21\/1\/article-p102.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/21\/1\/article-p102.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/21\/1\/article-p102.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T23:01:59Z","timestamp":1681599719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/21\/1\/article-p102.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.4.spine14324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}}}