{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:56:05Z","timestamp":1783698965414,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n The supraorbital eyebrow approach is a minimally invasive technique that offers wide access to the anterior skull base region and parasellar area through asubfrontal corridor. The use of neuroendoscopy allows one to extend the approach further to the pituitary fossa, the anterior third ventricle, the interpeduncular cistern, the anterior and medial temporal lobe, and the middle fossa. The supraorbital approach involves a limited skin incision, with minimal soft-tissue dissection and a small craniotomy, thus carrying relatively low approach-related morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n All consecutive patients who underwent the endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach were retrospectively analyzed for lesion location, pathology, length of stay, complications, and cosmetic results.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n During a 56-month period, 97 patients (mean age 58.5 years) underwent an endoscopic eyebrow approach to resect extra- and intraaxial brain lesions. The most common pathologies treated were meningiomas (n = 41); craniopharyngiomas (n = 22); dermoid tumors (n = 7); metastases (n = 4); gliomas (n = 3); and other miscellaneous frontal, parasellar, and midbrain (n = 23) lesions. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 2.7 days (range 1\u20138 days). In 82 patients a total removal of the lesion was performed, while in 15 patients a near-total or subtotal removal was achieved. There were no postoperative hematomas, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, or severe neurological deficits, with the exception of 2 cases of visual deterioration and 1 case each of meningitis, stroke, and third cranial nerve paresis. Other complications directly related to the approach included 2 cases of skin burn as a direct result of heat transmission from the microscope light, 1 case of right frontal palsy, 2 cases of frontal numbness, and 1 case of bone remodeling 1 year after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach is a safe and effective minimally invasive approach to remove extra- and intraaxial anterior skull base, parasellar, and frontal lesions, promoting a rapid recovery and short hospital stay. The location of the eyebrow incision demands a meticulous cosmetic closure, but, with proper technique, cosmetic results are excellent.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.focus14203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T04:43:47Z","timestamp":1412138627000},"page":"E20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach for the surgical treatment of extraaxialand intraaxial tumors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gazzeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Ph.D.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"474","article-title":"Supraorbital-pterional approach to skull base lesions","volume":"21","author":"Al-Mefty","year":"1987"},{"key":"b2-0370020","series-title":"J Hand Surg Br","first-page":"550","article-title":"A burn caused by the operating microscope light during brachial plexus reconstruction","volume":"19","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"1994"},{"key":"b3-0370020","series-title":"Neurochirurgia (Stuttg)","first-page":"185","article-title":"The small frontolateral approach for the microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms","volume":"21","author":"Brock","year":"1978"},{"key":"b4-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"224","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: Part I\u2014Evolution, basic concept, and current technique","volume":"42","author":"Cohen","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"539","article-title":"Endoscopic neurosurgery","volume":"1","author":"Cohen","year":"1996"},{"key":"b6-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"714","article-title":"Eyebrow incision for combined orbital osteotomy and supraorbital minicraniotomy: application to aneurysms of the anterior circulation. Technical note","volume":"95","author":"Dare","year":"2001"},{"key":"b7-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"556","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: high route or low route? A series of 51 consecutive cases","volume":"62","author":"de Divitiis","year":"2008"},{"key":"b8-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"615","article-title":"Supraorbital craniotomy by fracture of the anterior orbital roof. Technical note","volume":"79","author":"Delashaw","year":"1993"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"b9-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"269","article-title":"Endonasal versus supraorbital keyhole removal of craniopharyngiomas and tuberculum sellae meningiomas","volume":"64","author":"Fatemi","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"b10-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS212","article-title":"An anatomical evaluation of the mini-supraorbital approach and comparison with standard craniotomies","volume":"59","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2006"},{"key":"b11-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"226","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: part 2\u2014analysis of 380 procedures","volume":"42","author":"Fries","year":"1998"},{"key":"b12-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"224","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: Part I\u2014Evolution, basic concept, and current techniques","volume":"42","author":"Fukushima","year":"1998"},{"key":"b13-0370020","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","first-page":"953","article-title":"Tuberculum sella meningioma","volume":"44","author":"Hayhurst","year":"2011"},{"key":"b14-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1330","article-title":"Endoscopic neurosurgery and endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery for the treatment of intracranial cysts","volume":"43","author":"Hopf","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"b15-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONSE157","article-title":"the supraciliary craniotomy: technical note","volume":"59","author":"Jallo","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b16-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"88","article-title":"A superciliary approach for anterior cranial fossa lesions in children. Technical note","volume":"103","author":"Jallo","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"219","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: part 1\u2014evolution, basic concept, and current technique","volume":"42","author":"Perneczky","year":"1998"},{"key":"b18-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"898","article-title":"Use of a new aneurysm clip with an inverted-spring mechanism to facilitate visual control during clip application. Technical note","volume":"82","author":"Perneczky","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"b19-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"242","article-title":"Ten-year experience with the supraorbital subfrontal approach through an eyebrow skin incision","volume":"57","author":"Reisch","year":"2005"},{"key":"b20-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"347","article-title":"Transorbital keyhole approach to anterior communicating artery aneurysms","volume":"48","author":"Steiger","year":"2001"},{"key":"b21-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"592","article-title":"Subtemporal keyhole approach to the suprasellar and petroclival region: microanatomic considerations and clinical application","volume":"41","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1997"},{"key":"b22-0370020","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"481","article-title":"The supraorbital keyhole approach to supratentorial aneurysms: concept and technique","volume":"49","author":"van Lindert","year":"1998"},{"key":"b1-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"474","article-title":"Supraorbital-pterional approach to skull base lesions","volume":"21","author":"Al-Mefty","year":"1987"},{"key":"b2-0370020","series-title":"J Hand Surg Br","first-page":"550","article-title":"A burn caused by the operating microscope light during brachial plexus reconstruction","volume":"19","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"1994"},{"key":"b3-0370020","series-title":"Neurochirurgia (Stuttg)","first-page":"185","article-title":"The small frontolateral approach for the microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms","volume":"21","author":"Brock","year":"1978"},{"key":"b4-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"224","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: Part I\u2014Evolution, basic concept, and current technique","volume":"42","author":"Cohen","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"539","article-title":"Endoscopic neurosurgery","volume":"1","author":"Cohen","year":"1996"},{"key":"b6-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"714","article-title":"Eyebrow incision for combined orbital osteotomy and supraorbital minicraniotomy: application to aneurysms of the anterior circulation. Technical note","volume":"95","author":"Dare","year":"2001"},{"key":"b7-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"556","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: high route or low route? A series of 51 consecutive cases","volume":"62","author":"de Divitiis","year":"2008"},{"key":"b8-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"615","article-title":"Supraorbital craniotomy by fracture of the anterior orbital roof. Technical note","volume":"79","author":"Delashaw","year":"1993"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"b9-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"269","article-title":"Endonasal versus supraorbital keyhole removal of craniopharyngiomas and tuberculum sellae meningiomas","volume":"64","author":"Fatemi","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"b10-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS212","article-title":"An anatomical evaluation of the mini-supraorbital approach and comparison with standard craniotomies","volume":"59","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2006"},{"key":"b11-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"226","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: part 2\u2014analysis of 380 procedures","volume":"42","author":"Fries","year":"1998"},{"key":"b12-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"224","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: Part I\u2014Evolution, basic concept, and current techniques","volume":"42","author":"Fukushima","year":"1998"},{"key":"b13-0370020","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","first-page":"953","article-title":"Tuberculum sella meningioma","volume":"44","author":"Hayhurst","year":"2011"},{"key":"b14-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1330","article-title":"Endoscopic neurosurgery and endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery for the treatment of intracranial cysts","volume":"43","author":"Hopf","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"b15-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONSE157","article-title":"the supraciliary craniotomy: technical note","volume":"59","author":"Jallo","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b16-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"88","article-title":"A superciliary approach for anterior cranial fossa lesions in children. Technical note","volume":"103","author":"Jallo","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-0370020","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"219","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted brain surgery: part 1\u2014evolution, basic concept, and current technique","volume":"42","author":"Perneczky","year":"1998"},{"key":"b18-0370020","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"898","article-title":"Use of a new aneurysm clip with an inverted-spring mechanism to facilitate visual control during clip application. 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