{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:05:30Z","timestamp":1780131930766,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n Skull base chondrosarcomas are slow-growing, locally invasive tumors that arise from the petroclival synchondrosis. These characteristics allow them to erode the clivus and petrous bone and slowly compress the contents of the posterior fossa progressively until the patient becomes symptomatic, typically from cranial neuropathies. Given the site of their genesis, surrounded by the petrous apex and the clival recess, these tumors can project to the middle fossa, cervical area, and posteriorly, toward the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches are versatile techniques that grant access to the petroclival synchondrosis, the core of these lesions. The ability to access multiple compartments, remove infiltrated bone, and achieve tumor resection without the need for neural retraction makes these techniques particularly appealing in the management of these complex lesions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Analysis of the authors\u2019 database yielded 19 cases of skull base chondrosarcomas; among these were 5 cases with predominant CPA involvement. The electronic medical records of the 5 patients were retrospectively reviewed for age, sex, presentation, pre- and postoperative imaging, surgical technique, pathology, and follow-up. These cases were used to illustrate the surgical nuances involved in the endonasal resection of CPA chondrosarcomas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The male\/female ratio was 1:4, and the patients\u2019 mean age was 55.2 \u00b111.2 years. All cases involved petrous bone and apex, with variable extensions to the posterior fossa and parapharyngeal space. The main clinical scenario was cranial nerve (CN) palsy, evidenced by diplopia (20%), ptosis (20%), CN VI palsy (20%), dysphagia (40%), impaired phonation (40%), hearing loss (20%), tinnitus (20%), and vertigo\/dizziness (40%). Gross-total resection of the CPA component of the tumor was achieved in 4 cases (80%); near-total resection of the CPA component was performed in 1 case (20%). Two patients (40%) harbored high-grade chondrosarcomas. No patient experienced worsening neurological symptoms postoperatively. In 2 cases (40%), the symptoms were completely normalized after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches appear to be safe and effective in the resection of select skull base chondrosarcomas; those with predominant CPA involvement seem particularly amenable to resection through this technique. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to test these preliminary impressions and to compare their effectiveness with the results obtained with open approaches.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.focus14349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T04:43:47Z","timestamp":1412138627000},"page":"E13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Endoscopic endonasal surgical management of chondrosarcomas with cerebellopontine angle extension"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Paulo M.","family":"Mesquita Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo F. S.","family":"Ditzel Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Prevedello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian A. N.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano E.","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"M.D.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo L. L.","family":"Dolci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo l.","family":"Carrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0370013","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2457","article-title":"Chordoma and chondrosarcoma: similar, but quite different, skull base tumors","volume":"110","author":"Almefty","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-0370013","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"696","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid transmaxillary approach to the infratemporal and upper parapharyngeal tumors","volume":"150","author":"Battaglia","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3-0370013","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"89","article-title":"Skull base chondrosarcoma: evidence-based treatment paradigms","volume":"24","author":"Bloch","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4-0370013","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"981","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma of the skull base: long-term follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Brackmann","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"b5-0370013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS50","article-title":"The endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach for the treatment of cranial base chordomas and chondrosarcomas","volume":"59","author":"Frank","year":"2006"},{"key":"b6-0370013","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"633","article-title":"Recurrent and self-remitting sixth cranial nerve palsy: pathophysiological insight from skull base chondrosarcoma. Report of 2 cases","volume":"12","author":"Frassanito","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-0370013","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1497","article-title":"Outcomes and patterns of care in adult skull base chondrosarcomas from the SEER database","volume":"21","author":"Jones","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"b8-0370013","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Expanded endonasal approach: fully endoscopic, completely transnasal approach to the middle third of the clivus, petrous bone, middle cranial fossa, and infratemporal fossa","volume":"19","author":"Kassam","year":"2005"},{"key":"b9-0370013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1544","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: analysis of complications in the authors\u2019 initial 800 patients. 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