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The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth behavioral and histopathological phenotype of a clinically relevant model of rmTBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors used a previously published weight-drop model of rmTBI (7 injuries in 9 days) in 2- to 3-month-old mice that produces cognitive deficits without persistent loss of consciousness, seizures, gross structural imaging findings, or microscopic evidence of structural brain damage. Injured and sham-injured (anesthesia only) mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral testing, including tests of balance (rotarod), spatial memory (Morris water maze), anxiety (open field plus maze), and exploratory behavior (hole-board test). After behavioral testing, brains were assessed for histopathological outcomes, including brain volume and microglial and astrocyte immunolabeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compared with sham-injured mice, mice subjected to rmTBI showed increased exploratory behavior and had impaired balance and worse spatial memory that persisted up to 3 months after injury. Long-term behavioral deficits were associated with chronic increased astrocytosis and microgliosis but no volume changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors demonstrate that their rmTBI model results in a characteristic behavioral phenotype that correlates with the clinical syndrome of concussion and repetitive concussion. This model offers a platform from which to study therapeutic interventions for rmTBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.jns14272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T08:00:54Z","timestamp":1412064054000},"page":"1342-1350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Chronic gliosis and behavioral deficits in mice following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Mannix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Berglass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Berkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Moleus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodevelopmental Behavior Core, F.M. 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