{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:11:30Z","timestamp":1761919890869},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Axillary nerve palsy, isolated or as part of a more complex brachial plexus injury, can have profound effects on upper-extremity function. Radial to axillary nerve neurotization is a useful technique for regaining shoulder abduction with little compromise of other neurological function. A combined experience of this procedure used in children is reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective review of the authors' experience across 3 tertiary care centers with brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury in children (younger than 18 years) revealed 7 cases involving patients with axillary nerve injury as part of an overall brachial plexus injury with persistent shoulder abduction deficits. Two surgical approaches to the region were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Four infants (ages 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, and 0.6 years) and 3 older children (ages 8, 15, and 17 years) underwent surgical intervention. No patient had significant shoulder abduction past 15\u00b0 preoperatively. In 3 cases, additional neurotization was performed in conjunction with the procedure of interest. Two surgical approaches were used: posterior and transaxillary. All patients displayed improvement in shoulder abduction. All were able to activate their deltoid muscle to raise their arm against gravity and 4 of 7 were able to abduct against resistance. The median duration of follow-up was 15 months (range 8 months to 5.9 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Radial to axillary nerve neurotization improved shoulder abduction in this series of patients treated at 3 institutions. While rarely used in children, this neurotization procedure is an excellent option to restore deltoid function in children with brachial plexus injury due to birth or accidental trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.peds13435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T14:12:06Z","timestamp":1409926326000},"page":"518-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Radial to axillary nerve neurotization for brachial plexus injury in children: a combined case series"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilyas M.","family":"Eli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish N.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Stutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Sung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Wellons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds13435","series-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot","first-page":"113","article-title":"[C5-C6 and C5-C6-C7 traumatic paralysis of the brachial plexus of the adult caused by supraclavicular lesions]","volume":"84","author":"Alnot","year":"1998"},{"key":"b2-peds13435","series-title":"Int Orthop","first-page":"7","article-title":"[Surgical repair of the axillary nerve. 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