{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:08:11Z","timestamp":1767917291238,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Current national patterns as a function of patient-, hospital-, and procedure-related factors, and complication rates in the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein\u20132 (rhBMP-2) as an adjunct to the practice of pediatric spine surgery have scarcely been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and p values &lt; 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors identified 9538 hospitalizations in pediatric patients 20 years old or younger who had undergone spinal fusion in the US in 2009; 1541 of these admissions were associated with rhBMP-2 use. By multivariate logistic regression, the following factors were associated with rhBMP-2 use: patient age 15\u201320 years; length of hospital stay (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.01, p = 0.017); insurance status (private [aOR 1.49, p &lt; 0.001] compared with Medicaid); hospital type (nonchildren's hospital); region (Midwest [aOR 2.49, p = 0.008] compared with Northeast); spinal refusion (aOR 2.20, p &lt; 0.001); spinal fusion approach\/segment (anterior lumbar [aOR 1.73, p &lt; 0.001] and occipitocervical [aOR 1.86, p = 0.013] compared with posterior lumbar); short segment length (aOR 1.42, p = 0.016) and midlength (aOR 1.44, p = 0.005) compared with long; and preoperative diagnosis (Scheuermann kyphosis [aOR 1.56, p &lt; 0.017] and spondylolisthesis [aOR 1.93, p &lt; 0.001]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Use of BMP in pediatric spine procedures now comprises more than 10% of pediatric spinal fusion. Patient-related (age, insurance type, diagnosis); hospital-related (children's hospital vs general hospital, region in the US); and procedure-related (redo fusion, anterior vs posterior approach, spinal levels, number of levels fused) factors are associated with the variation in BMP use in the US.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.peds1499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,29]],"date-time":"2014-08-29T14:07:26Z","timestamp":1409321246000},"page":"476-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nationwide practice patterns in the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein\u20132 in pediatric spine surgery as a function of patient-, hospital-, and procedure-related factors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sandi K.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Sayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Brice\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Luerssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds1499","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1159\/000335424","article-title":"Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 as an adjunct for spine fusion in a pediatric population","volume":"47","author":"Abd-El-Barr","year":"2011"},{"key":"b2-peds1499","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815cde3e","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the treatment of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"32","author":"Allen","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3-peds1499","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000209655","article-title":"Postlaminoplasty kyphotic deformity in the thoracic spine: case report and review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Amhaz","year":"2009"},{"key":"b4-peds1499","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ce8f4b","article-title":"Bone grafting options in children","volume":"35","author":"Betz","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5-peds1499","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199706150-00011","article-title":"Allograft bone use during instrumentation and fusion in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"22","author":"Blanco","year":"1997"},{"key":"b6-peds1499","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002010-00020","article-title":"The use of rhBMP-2 in interbody fusion cages. 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