{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:56:30Z","timestamp":1792090590057,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this study was to report the results of elbow, thumb, and finger extension reconstruction via nerve transfer in midcervical spinal cord injuries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Thirteen upper limbs from 7 patients with tetraplegia, with an average age of 26 years, were operated on an average of 7 months after a spinal cord injury. The posterior division of the axillary nerve was used to reinnervate the triceps long and upper medial head motor branches in 9 upper limbs. Both the posterior division and the branch to the middle deltoid were used in 2 upper limbs, and the anterior division of the axillary nerve in the final 2 limbs. For thumb and finger extension reconstruction, the nerve to the supinator was transferred to the posterior interosseous nerve.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n In 22 of the 27 recipient nerves, a peripheral type of palsy with muscle denervation was identified. At an average of 19 months follow-up, elbow strength scored M4 in 11 upper limbs and M3 in 2, according to the British Medical Research Council scale. Thumb extension scored M4 in 8 upper limbs and scored M3 in 4. Finger extension scored M4 in 12 hands. No donor-site deficits were reported or observed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Nerve transfers are effective at restoring elbow, thumb, and finger extension in patients with a midcervical spinal cord injury, which occurs in the majority of patients with a peripheral type of palsy with muscle denervation in their upper limbs. Efforts should be made to perform operations in these patients within 12 months of injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.jns14277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T10:12:05Z","timestamp":1414145525000},"page":"121-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Nerve transfers for elbow and finger extension reconstruction in midcervical spinal cord injuries"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Jayme Augusto","family":"Bertelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Ghizoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns14277","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1371","article-title":"Targeting recovery: priorities of the spinal cord-injured population","volume":"21","author":"Anderson","year":"2004"},{"key":"b2-jns14277","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.7983","article-title":"Clinical review 138: Anabolic-androgenic steroid therapy in the treatment of chronic diseases","volume":"86","author":"Basaria","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-jns14277","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.03.056","article-title":"Single-stage surgery combining nerve and tendon transfers for bilateral upper limb reconstruction in a tetraplegic patient: case report","volume":"38","author":"Bertelli","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4-jns14277","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.12.JNS101519","article-title":"Transfer of the teres minor motor branch for triceps reinnervation in tetraplegia. 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