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The aim of this study was to determine the risk of seizures related to such a prophylactic surgical treatment in ILGG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors report a prospective series of 21 patients with ILGG who underwent awake surgery with a minimum follow-up of 20 months following resection. Data regarding clinicoradiological features, surgical procedures, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. In particular, the eventual occurrence and type of seizures in the intra- and postoperative periods were studied, as follows: early (&lt; 3 months) and long-term (until last follow-up) periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There were no intraoperative seizures in this series. During the early postoperative period, the authors observed only a single episode of partial seizures in a patient with no antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis\u2014all other patients were given antiepileptic treatment following resection. The AEDs were discontinued in all cases, with a mean delay of 8 months after surgery (range 3\u201324 months). No patient had permanent neurological deficits. All 21 patients returned to an active familial, social, and professional life (working full time in all cases). Total or even \u201csupratotal\u201d resection (the latter meaning that a margin around the tumor visible on FLAIR-weighted MRI was removed) was achieved in 14 cases (67%). In 7 patients (33%) subtotal resection was performed, with a mean residual tumor volume of 1.5 ml (range 1\u20137 ml). No oncological treatment was administered in the postsurgical period. The mean follow-up after surgery was 49 months (range 20\u2013181 months). Only 2 patients had seizures during the long-term follow-up. Indeed, due to tumor progression after incomplete resection, seizures occurred in 2 cases, 39 and 78 months postsurgery, leading to administration of AEDs and adjuvant treatment. So far, all patients are still alive and enjoy a normal life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The risk of inducing seizures is very low in ILGG, and it does not represent an argument against early surgery. These data strongly support the proposal of a screening policy for LGG that will evolve toward a preventive treatment in a more systematic manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.jns141396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T14:59:13Z","timestamp":1425049153000},"page":"1397-1405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Is there a risk of seizures in \u201cpreventive\u201d awake surgery for incidental diffuse low-grade gliomas?"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Guilherme Lucas","family":"de Oliveira Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Petr\u00f3polis, and"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Section, Hospital do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o de Natal, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Duffau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center; and"},{"name":"Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Team \u201cPlasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors,\u201d Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University MedicalCenter, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns141396","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0435-x","article-title":"Long-term outcome and survival of surgically treated supratentorial low-grade glioma in adult patients","volume":"151","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-jns141396","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-007-9356-9","article-title":"French brain tumor data bank: methodology and first results on 10,000 cases","volume":"84","author":"Bauchet","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3-jns141396","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050001","article-title":"The pathogenesis of tumour associated epilepsy","volume":"142","author":"Beaumont","year":"2000"},{"key":"b4-jns141396","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.1.0062","article-title":"Low-grade gliomas associated with intractable epilepsy: seizure outcome utilizing electrocorticography during tumor resection","volume":"79","author":"Berger","year":"1993"},{"key":"b5-jns141396","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.JNS121","article-title":"Spontaneous and therapeutic prognostic factors in adult hemispheric World Health Organization Grade II gliomas: a series of 1097 cases. 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