{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:01:57Z","timestamp":1787238117617,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n Intracranial subependymomas are rarely reported due to their extremely low incidence. Knowledge about subependymomas is therefore poor. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and clinical, radiological, and pathological features of intracranial subependymomas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Approximately 60,000 intracranial tumors were surgically treated at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between 2003 and 2013. The authors identified all cases in which patients underwent resection of an intracranial tumor that was found to be pathological examination demonstrated to be subependymoma and analyzed the data from these cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Forty-three cases of pathologically confirmed, surgically treated intracranial subependymoma were identified. Thus in this patient population, subependymomas accounted for approximately 0.07% of intracranial tumors (43 of an estimated 60,000). Radiologically, 79.1% (34\/43) of intracranial subependymomas were misdiagnosed as other diseases. Pathologically, 34 were confirmed as pure subependymomas, 8 were mixed with ependymoma, and 1 was mixed with astrocytoma. Thirty-five patients were followed up for 3.0 to 120 months after surgery. Three of these patients experienced tumor recurrence, and one died of tumor recurrence. Univariate analysis revealed that shorter progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly associated with poorly defined borders. The association between shorter PFS and age < 14 years was almost significant (p = 0.51), and this variable was also included in the multivariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis showed showed only poorly defined borders to be an independent prognostic factor for shorter PFS (RR 18.655, 95% CI 1.141\u2013304.884, p = 0.040). In patients 14 years of age or older, the lesions tended to be pure subependymomas located in the unilateral supratentorial area, total removal tended to be easier, and PFS tended to be longer. In comparison, in younger patients subependymomas tended to be mixed tumors involving the bilateral infratentorial area, with a lower total removal rate and shorter PFS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Intracranial subependymoma is a rare benign intracranial tumor with definite radiological features. Long-term survival can be expected, although poorly defined borders are an independent predictor of shorter PFS. All the features that differ between tumors in younger and older patients suggest that they might have different origins, biological behaviors, and prognoses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.jns14155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1414749804000},"page":"49-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Clinical, radiological, and pathological features in 43 cases of intracranial subependymoma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns14155","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01407172","article-title":"Surgical treatment of subependymomas of the central nervous system. Report of 8 cases and review of the literature","volume":"98","author":"Artico","year":"1989"},{"key":"b2-jns14155","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.3.1503035","article-title":"CT and MR imaging findings in adults with cerebellar medulloblastoma: comparison with findings in children","volume":"159","author":"Bourgouin","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3-jns14155","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197412)34:6<1992::AID-CNCR2820340618>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Is subependymoma (subependymal glomerate astrocytoma) an astrocytoma or ependymoma? A comparative ultrastructural and tissue culture study","volume":"34","author":"Fu","year":"1974"},{"key":"b4-jns14155","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.05.028","article-title":"Clinical features and management of five patients with supratentorial subependymoma","volume":"17","author":"Fujisawa","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5-jns14155","series-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199507000-00002","article-title":"Supratentorial ependymomas and subependymomas: CT and MR appearance","volume":"19","author":"Furie","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6-jns14155","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.05.026","article-title":"Clinical features and management of intracranial subependymomas in children","volume":"20","author":"Hou","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-jns14155","series-title":"Neurol India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.100723","article-title":"Lateral ventricular subependymomas: an analysis of the clinical features of 27 adult cases at a single institute","volume":"60","author":"Hou","year":"2012"},{"key":"b8-jns14155","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021204616334","article-title":"Clinicopathological study of seven cases of symptomatic supratentorial subependymoma","volume":"61","author":"Im","year":"2003"},{"key":"b9-jns14155","series-title":"Neurol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132812Y.0000000064","article-title":"Subependymoma: clinical features and surgical outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Jain","year":"2012"},{"key":"b10-jns14155","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system","volume":"114","author":"Louis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-jns14155","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(96)00554-9","article-title":"Symptomatic subependymomas of the lateral ventricles. Report of eight cases","volume":"99","author":"Maiuri","year":"1997"},{"key":"b12-jns14155","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01781953","article-title":"Symptomatic subependymoma with nuclear polymorphism","volume":"10","author":"Matsumura","year":"1987"},{"key":"b13-jns14155","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"15","article-title":"Intracerebral subependymomas. Clinical and neuropathological analyses with special reference to the possible existence of a less benign variant","volume":"96","author":"Matsumura","year":"1989"},{"key":"b14-jns14155","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.06.030","article-title":"MRI findings in patients with central neurocytomas with special reference to differential diagnosis from other ventricular tumours near the foramen of Monro","volume":"19","author":"Niiro","year":"2012"},{"key":"b15-jns14155","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2000.0910","article-title":"Tumours around the foramen of Monro: clinical and neuroimaging features and their differential diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Nishio","year":"2002"},{"key":"b16-jns14155","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000209928.04532.09","article-title":"Subependymomas: an analysis of clinical and imaging features","volume":"58","author":"Ragel","year":"2006"},{"key":"b17-jns14155","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-007-9411-6","article-title":"Subependymoma revisited: clinicopathological evaluation of 83 cases","volume":"85","author":"Rushing","year":"2007"},{"key":"b18-jns14155","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1945.2.3.0232","article-title":"Subependymoma: a newly recognized tumor of subependymal derivation","volume":"2","author":"Sceinker","year":"1945"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/122\/1\/article-p49.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/122\/1\/article-p49.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/122\/1\/article-p49.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T18:29:00Z","timestamp":1658687340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/122\/1\/article-p49.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.9.jns14155","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}