{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:32:53Z","timestamp":1783776773772,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There are no published papers examining the role of ethnicity on suture involvement in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. The authors sought to examine whether there is a significant difference in the epidemiological pattern of suture(s) affected between different ethnic groups attending a regional craniofacial clinic with a diagnosis of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 5-year retrospective case-notes analysis of all cases involving patients attending a regional craniofacial clinic was undertaken. Cases were coded for the patients' declared ethnicity, suture(s) affected by synostosis, and the decision whether to have surgical correction of synostosis. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there were any differences in site of suture affected between ethnic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 312 cases were identified. Of these 312 cases, ethnicity data were available for 296 cases (95%). The patient population was dominated by 2 ethnic groups: white patients (222 cases) and Asian patients (56 cases). There were both more cases of complex synostosis and fewer cases of sagittal synostosis than expected in the Asian patient cohort (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 9.217, p = 0.027).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There is a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the various sutures affected within the nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patient cohort when Asian patients are compared with white patients. The data from this study also suggest that nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is more prevalent in the Asian community than in the white community, although there may be inaccuracies in the estimates of the background population data. A larger-scale, multinational analysis is needed to further evaluate the relationship between ethnicity and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.peds14123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]],"date-time":"2014-10-17T13:58:48Z","timestamp":1413554328000},"page":"682-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Does patient ethnicity affect site of craniosynostosis?"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Goomany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Bonthron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds; and\u00a0"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Bellew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark I.","family":"Liddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan M.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velupandian","family":"Guruswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Goodden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Chumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds14123","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114983","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of craniosynostosis: risk indicators for the occurrence of craniosynostosis in Colorado","volume":"128","author":"Alderman","year":"1988"},{"key":"b2-peds14123","series-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.013466","article-title":"Glossary of terms relating to ethnicity and race: for reflection and debate","volume":"58","author":"Bhopal","year":"2004"},{"key":"b3-peds14123","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32208","article-title":"A population-based study of craniosynostosis in metropolitan Atlanta, 1989\u20132003","volume":"146A","author":"Boulet","year":"2008"},{"key":"b4-peds14123","series-title":"Craniosynostosis: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management","author":"Cohen","year":"2000"},{"key":"b5-peds14123","series-title":"J Med Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.25.3.186","article-title":"The frequency of consanguineous marriage among British Pakistanis","volume":"25","author":"Darr","year":"1988"},{"key":"b6-peds14123","series-title":"J Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(61)80264-3","article-title":"Craniosynostosis involving the sagittal suture only: guilt by association?","volume":"58","author":"Hemple","year":"1961"},{"key":"b7-peds14123","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1998_035_0197_mdaldi_2.3.co_2","article-title":"Mental development and learning disorders in children with single suture craniosynostosis","volume":"35","author":"Kapp-Simon","year":"1998"},{"key":"b8-peds14123","series-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2007.08.008","article-title":"Genetics of craniosynostosis","volume":"14","author":"Kimonis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b9-peds14123","series-title":"Population Estimates by Ethnic Group: Methodology Paper","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2011"},{"key":"b10-peds14123","series-title":"Ann Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2003.00062.x","article-title":"An analysis of consanguinity and social structure within the UK Asian population using microsatellite data","volume":"67","author":"Overall","year":"2003"},{"key":"b11-peds14123","series-title":"Arch Pediatr","first-page":"722","article-title":"[Oxycephaly, a severe craniosynostosis. 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