{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T21:29:19Z","timestamp":1782250159519,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features, differential diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis for primary spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fourteen patients with pathologically diagnosed non\u2013vertebral origin cavernous hemangiomas who had undergone surgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between 2003 and 2012 were identified in the hospital's database. The patients' clinical data, imaging characteristics, surgical treatment, and postoperative follow-up were analyzed retrospectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There were 9 males and 5 females with an average age of 51.64 years. The primary epidural cavernous hemangiomas were located in the cervical spine (2 cases), cervicothoracic junction (2 cases), thoracic spine (8 cases), thoracolumbar junction (1 case), and lumbar spine (1 case). Hemorrhage was confirmed in 4 cases during surgery. Preoperatively 5 lesions were misdiagnosed as schwannoma, 1 was misdiagnosed as a meningioma, and 1 was misdiagnosed as an arachnoid cyst. Preoperative hemorrhages were identified in 2 cases. Three patients had recurrent cavernous hemangiomas. The initial presenting symptoms were local pain in 5 cases, radiculopathy in 6 cases, and myelopathy in 3 cases. Upon admission, 1 patient had radicular symptoms and 13 had myelopathic symptoms. The average symptom duration was 18 months. All patients underwent surgery; complete resection was achieved in 8 cases, subtotal resection in 4 cases, and partial resection in 2 cases. Postoperative follow-up was completed in 10 cases (average follow-up 34 months); 1 patient died, 5 patients showed clinical improvement, and 4 patients remained neurologically unchanged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Total surgical removal of spine epidural cavernous hemangiomas with a chronic course is the optimum treatment and carries a good prognosis. Secondary surgery for recurrent epidural cavernous hemangioma is technically more challenging. In patients with profound myelopathy from acute hemorrhage, even prompt surgical decompression can rarely reverse all symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.spine13901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T14:12:13Z","timestamp":1414159933000},"page":"39-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Primary spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma: clinical features and surgical outcome in 14 cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Teng-yu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital Eastern, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-lun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Providence Medical Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Huai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University;"},{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-spine13901","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.43.471","article-title":"Review of spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma","volume":"43","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2-spine13901","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"190","article-title":"Dumbbell-shaped epidural capillary hemangioma","volume":"24","author":"Badinand","year":"2003"},{"key":"b3-spine13901","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-009-0555-2","article-title":"MRI diagnosis and preoperative evaluation for pure epidural cavernous hemangiomas","volume":"51","author":"Feng","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b4-spine13901","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1345-6","article-title":"Intralesional hemorrhage and thrombosis without rupture in a pure spinal epidural cavernous angioma: a rare cause of acute lumbal radiculopathy","volume":"19","author":"Floeth","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5-spine13901","series-title":"I. Paraplegia","first-page":"179","article-title":"The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia","volume":"7","author":"Frankel","year":"1969"},{"key":"b6-spine13901","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101248","article-title":"Spinal epidural cavernous haemangioma: a case report and review of literature","volume":"40","author":"Goyal","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7-spine13901","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E850","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182093320","article-title":"A case of a spinal epidural capillary hemangioma: case report","volume":"68","author":"Hasan","year":"2011"},{"key":"b8-spine13901","series-title":"Australas Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.2007.01775.x","article-title":"Pregnancy-related spinal epidural capillary-cavernous haemangioma: magnetic resonance imaging and differential diagnosis","volume":"51","author":"Hakan","year":"2007"},{"key":"b9-spine13901","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.46.455","article-title":"Epidural spinal cavernous hemangioma","volume":"46","author":"Hatiboglu","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10-spine13901","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0563","article-title":"Spinal epidural hemangiomas: various types of MR imaging features with histopathologic correlation","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-spine13901","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0150-9861(04)96993-3","article-title":"Imaging features of spinal epidural cavernous malformations","volume":"31","author":"Nagi","year":"2004"},{"key":"b12-spine13901","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr-2012006453","article-title":"Spinal extradural cavernous haemangioma in an elderly man","volume":"2012","author":"Rahman"},{"key":"b13-spine13901","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.7.PEDS09203","article-title":"Solitary spinal epidural cavernous angiomas in children presenting with acute neurological symptoms caused by hemorrhage. Report of 2 cases","volume":"5","author":"Sarikaya-Seiwert","year":"2010"},{"key":"b14-spine13901","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1202","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000345940.21674.AE","article-title":"Spinal radiosurgical treatment for thoracic epidural cavernous hemangioma presenting as radiculomyelopathy: technical case report","volume":"64","author":"Sohn","year":"2009"},{"key":"b15-spine13901","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(99)00064-6","article-title":"Radiologic and surgical aspects of pure spinal epidural cavernous angiomas. Report on 5 cases and review of the literature","volume":"52","author":"Talacchi","year":"1999"},{"key":"b16-spine13901","series-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901001800324","article-title":"Microsurgical resection of cavernous haemangioma around the thoracic neuroforamen: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Uchida","year":"2010"},{"key":"b17-spine13901","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1295-3","article-title":"Pure spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma","volume":"154","author":"Zhong","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/1\/article-p39.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/1\/article-p39.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/1\/article-p39.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T21:23:21Z","timestamp":1681593801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/22\/1\/article-p39.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.9.spine13901","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}