{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:43:04Z","timestamp":1792680184033,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is considered a potentially effective therapy against advanced cancer. The authors conducted a Phase I study to investigate the safety and immunomonitoring of Wilms\u2019 tumor 1 (WT1)-pulsed DC vaccination therapy for patients with relapsed malignant glioma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>WT1-pulsed and\/or autologous tumor lysate-pulsed DC vaccination therapy was performed in patients with relapsed malignant gliomas. Approximately 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> to 2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> pulsed DCs loaded with WT1 peptide antigen and\/or tumor lysate were intradermally injected into the axillary areas with OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, at 2-week intervals for at least 5\u20137 sessions (1 course) during an individual chemotherapy regimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ten patients (3 men, 7 women; age range 24\u201364 years [median 39 years]) with the following tumors were enrolled: glioblastoma (6), anaplastic astrocytoma (2), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (1), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (1). Modified WT1 peptide\u2013pulsed DC vaccine was administered to 7 patients, tumor lysate-pulsed DC vaccine to 2 patients, and both tumor lysate\u2013pulsed and WT1-pulsed DC vaccine to 1 patient. The clinical response was stable disease in 5 patients with WT1-pulsed DC vaccination. In 2 of 5 patients with stable disease, neurological findings improved, and MR images showed tumor shrinkage. No serious adverse events occurred except Grade 1\u20132 erythema at the injection sites. WT1 tetramer analysis detected WT1-reactive cytotoxic T cells after vaccination in patients treated with WT1-pulsed therapy. Positivity for skin reaction at the injection sites was 80% (8 of 10 patients) after the first session, and positivity remained for these 8 patients after the final session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study of WT1-pulsed DC vaccination therapy demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and feasibility in the management of relapsed malignant gliomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.jns141554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T14:02:17Z","timestamp":1438956137000},"page":"989-997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Dendritic cell\u2013based immunotherapy targeting Wilms\u2019 tumor 1 in patients with recurrent malignant glioma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine;"},{"name":"Department of 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