{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:53:27Z","timestamp":1782824007567,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Arne Torkildsen was a pioneering Norwegian neurosurgeon who introduced the ventriculocisternal shunt, the first clinically successful shunt for CSF diversion in hydrocephalus. The procedure, usually referred to as ventriculocisternostomy (VCS), Torkildsen\u2019s operation, orTorkildsen\u2019s shunt, became internationally recognized as an efficient operation for the treatment of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. The operation gained widespread use in the 1940s and 1950s before the introduction of extracranial shunts. In this paper, the authors look more closely at Torkildsen\u2019s development of the VCS and examine how this surgical approach differed from other procedures for treating hydrocephalus before World War II. Long-term results of the VCS are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.jns142659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T09:59:26Z","timestamp":1441360766000},"page":"1421-1428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Arne Torkildsen and the ventriculocisternal shunt: the first clinically successful shunt for hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Per Kristian","family":"Eide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tryggve","family":"Lundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns142659","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)80075-R","article-title":"What is a Torkildsen shunt?","volume":"43","author":"Alp","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2-jns142659","series-title":"M\u00fcnchen Med Wehnschr","first-page":"1673","article-title":"Balkenstich bei Hydrozephalien, Tumoren und bei Epilepsie","volume":"55","author":"Anton","year":"1908"},{"key":"b3-jns142659","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s101430050035","article-title":"The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment","volume":"22","author":"Aschoff","year":"1999"},{"key":"b4-jns142659","series-title":"J Am Coll Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00743-2","article-title":"John Holter\u2019s shunt","volume":"192","author":"Baru","year":"2001"},{"key":"b5-jns142659","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.1.0145","article-title":"Development of the Spitz-Holter valve in Philadelphia","volume":"95","author":"Boockvar","year":"2001"},{"key":"b6-jns142659","series-title":"Revde Chir (Paris)","first-page":"37","article-title":"Drainage des ventricules c\u00e9r\u00e9braux pour hydroc\u00e9phalie","volume":"11","author":"Broca","year":"1891"},{"key":"b7-jns142659","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"129","article-title":"Experiences with the cerebellar astrocytomas. 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