{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:48:31Z","timestamp":1772110111253,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cerebellar cavernous malformations (CCMs) have not been specifically described in the pediatric age group. Authors of this study, after considering the published literature, describe the characteristic clinical, radiological, and surgical features of CCM in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHOSDS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients younger than 18 years of age who were known to have CCM and had undergone surgery between 1992 and 2014 at the authors\u2019 institution were reviewed. Pediatric CCM cases reported in the literature (case reports and cases included in series on CMs in the pediatric age group) were also analyzed for specific features of this entity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Four male patients and 1 female patient (2.5\u201314 years of age) with CCM presented acutely with severe headache followed by cerebellar dysfunction. In all patients, neuroimaging (cranial CT and MRI) demonstrated hemorrhagic cerebellar lesions with heterogeneous T1 and T2 signal intensities and hyperintense blooming on susceptibility-weighted imaging. The lesions reached large sizes exhibiting spherical, cystic, and often \u201cpseudotumoral\u201d morphology. In 3 patients, developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) were found. In 4 of the 5 patients, the CCMs and hematomas were totally removed. All patients had a clinically excellent functional outcome without surgical complication and with complete resolution of their presenting symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cerebellar CMs occur in all pediatric age groups and display characteristic clinical and imaging features. In children, CCMs reach large sizes and can result in massive hemorrhage, often leading to a possible diagnosis of hemorrhage into a tumor. An associated DVA is quite common. Surgery is a safe and efficient treatment option with excellent outcomes in patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.peds14366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T17:20:55Z","timestamp":1433956855000},"page":"256-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cerebellar cavernous malformation in pediatric patients: defining clinical, neuroimaging, and therapeutic characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Friederike","family":"Knerlich-Lukoschus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Steinbok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Dunham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; 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