{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:45:37Z","timestamp":1780699537188,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study the authors describe the technical considerations and feasibility of transforaminal discectomy and foraminoplasty for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy in patients who have herniated discs at the thoracolumbar junction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After institutional review board approval, charts from 3 consecutive patients with lumbar radiculopathy and T12\u2013L1 herniated discs who underwent endoscopic procedures between 2006 and 2014 were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive cases (n = 1316) were reviewed to determine the incidence and success of surgery performed at the T12\u2013L1 level. Only 3 patients (0.23%) treated with endoscopic surgery for their herniated discs had T12\u2013L1 herniated discs; the rest were lumbar or lumbosacral herniations. For patients with T12\u2013L1 disc herniations, the average preoperative visual analog scale score was 8.3 (indicated in the questionnaire as describing severe and constant pain). The average 1-year postoperative visual analog scale score was 1.7 (indicated in the questionnaire as mild and intermittent pain).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy can be used as a safe yet minimally invasive technique for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy in the setting of a thoracolumbar disc herniation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.10.focus15372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T03:36:55Z","timestamp":1454297815000},"page":"E9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Technical considerations in transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery at the thoracolumbar junction: report of 3 cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Albert E.","family":"Telfeian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele P.","family":"Jasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pain Control, Brick, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adetokunbo A.","family":"Oyelese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziya L.","family":"Gokaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus15372","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"199","article-title":"Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation: clinical outcome, prognostic factors, and technical consideration","volume":"151","author":"Ahn","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-focus15372","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"225","article-title":"Maximum and minimum lumbar interpedicular distances in normal adult Nigerians","volume":"135","author":"Amonoo-Kuofi","year":"1982"},{"key":"b3-focus15372","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E508","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic approach for highly migrated intracanal disc herniations by foraminoplastic technique using rigid working channel endoscope","volume":"33","author":"Choi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b4-focus15372","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"679","article-title":"High lumbar disc degeneration. Incidence and etiology","volume":"15","author":"Hsu","year":"1990"},{"key":"b5-focus15372","series-title":"Clin Orthop","first-page":"127","article-title":"Percutaneous lateral discectomy of the lumbar spine: a preliminary report","volume":"174","author":"Kambin","year":"1983"},{"key":"b6-focus15372","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Morphometric study of the pedicles of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in Koreans","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"1994"},{"key":"b7-focus15372","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"476","article-title":"Surgical treatment for lumbar lateral recess stenosis with the full-endoscopic interlaminar approach versus conventional microsurgical technique: a prospective, randomized, controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Ruetten","year":"2009"},{"key":"b8-focus15372","series-title":"Surg Technol Int","first-page":"278","article-title":"Percutaneous posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: clinical outcome, complications, and learning curve evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Tenenbaum","year":"2011"},{"key":"b9-focus15372","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"271","article-title":"Outcome after lumbar sequestrectomy compared with microdiscectomy: a prospective randomized study","volume":"2","author":"Thom\u00e9","year":"2005"},{"key":"b10-focus15372","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E512","article-title":"Symptoms of thoracolumbar junction disc herniation","volume":"26","author":"Tokuhashi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b11-focus15372","series-title":"Int J Morphol","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Morphometry of pedicle and vertebral body in a Mexican population by CT and fluoroscopy","volume":"27","author":"Urrutia","year":"2009"},{"key":"b12-focus15372","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"431","article-title":"Disc herniation in the thoracolumbar junction treated by minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion surgery","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2014"},{"key":"b13-focus15372","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","first-page":"263","article-title":"Full endoscopic contralateral transforaminal discectomy for distally migrated lumbar disc herniation","volume":"16","author":"Yeom","year":"2011"},{"key":"b1-focus15372","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"199","article-title":"Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation: clinical outcome, prognostic factors, and technical consideration","volume":"151","author":"Ahn","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-focus15372","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"225","article-title":"Maximum and minimum lumbar interpedicular distances in normal adult Nigerians","volume":"135","author":"Amonoo-Kuofi","year":"1982"},{"key":"b3-focus15372","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E508","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic approach for highly migrated intracanal disc herniations by foraminoplastic technique using rigid working channel endoscope","volume":"33","author":"Choi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b4-focus15372","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"679","article-title":"High lumbar disc degeneration. 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