{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:25:45Z","timestamp":1783643145918,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ophthalmological outcomes of children treated for pineal tumors have received limited attention in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper reviews the outcomes of 29 children treated for pineal and posterior third ventricular tumors in the contemporary era using chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and resection as defined by the histology and\/or marker profile of the tumor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>At the time of diagnosis, all patients except 1 had hydrocephalus and all had ophthalmological involvement. Papilledema was found in 69% of patients. Seventy-five percent of patients had partial or complete Parinaud's syndrome, and diplopia or blurred vision was noted in the remaining patients. Visual acuity was impaired in 8 patients. Outcomes were dependent on the histology of the tumor and the treatment required. Those patients who did not requiring resection showed a lower rate of ophthalmological worsening during treatment and greater long-term improvement, in particular with respect to up-gaze palsy. Patients who underwent resection for postchemotherapy residual disease or primary resection showed greater worsening during treatment and lesser degrees of recovery. All patients with impaired visual acuity improved with treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As the mortality of germ cell and other pineal tumors decreases, posttreatment morbidity remains, specifically that related to convergence nystagmus, accommodation, and diplopia. In addition to survival, ophthalmological morbidity should be reported in studies concerning the outcomes of treatment for pineal neoplasms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.10.peds15415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T15:40:53Z","timestamp":1453477253000},"page":"558-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Ophthalmological outcomes of patients treated for pineal region tumors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Hankinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Hukin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Cochrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds15415","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-014-1369-4","article-title":"Neuroimaging diagnosis of pineal region tumors-quest for pathognomonic finding of germinoma","volume":"56","author":"Awa","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2-peds15415","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2014.03.003","article-title":"The management of pineal tumors as a model for a multidisciplinary approach in neurooncology","volume":"61","author":"Frappaz","year":"2015"},{"key":"b3-peds15415","series-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20100426-02","article-title":"Long-term ophthalmological follow-up of children with Parinaud syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Goldenberg-Cohen","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4-peds15415","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.JNS122137","article-title":"Ophthalmological outcome after resection of tumors based on the pineal gland","volume":"119","author":"Hart","year":"2013"},{"key":"b5-peds15415","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2008.07.019","article-title":"Microsurgical management of pineal region lesions: personal experience with 119 patients","volume":"70","author":"Hernesniemi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6-peds15415","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.10.PEDS0976","article-title":"Transcallosal interforniceal approach to pineal region tumors in 150 children","volume":"7","author":"Jia","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7-peds15415","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2011.05.007","article-title":"Surgical approaches to the pineal region","volume":"22","author":"Kennedy","year":"2011"},{"key":"b8-peds15415","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/9.3.330","article-title":"Paralysis of the movement of convergence of the eyes (trans Henry Juler)","volume":"9","author":"Parinaud","year":"1886"},{"key":"b9-peds15415","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2011.04.003","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of pineal tumors","volume":"22","author":"Parker","year":"2011"},{"key":"b10-peds15415","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"xi","article-title":"Pineal region tumors. Preface","volume":"22","author":"Parsa","year":"2011"},{"key":"b11-peds15415","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1306-0","article-title":"Multi-modality therapy for CNS mixed malignant germ cell tumors (MMGCT): results of a phase II multi-institutional study","volume":"118","author":"Robertson","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12-peds15415","series-title":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","first-page":"711","article-title":"Pineal region and intracranial germ cell tumors","author":"Steinbok","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/17\/5\/article-p558.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/17\/5\/article-p558.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/17\/5\/article-p558.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T13:24:09Z","timestamp":1681565049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/17\/5\/article-p558.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.10.peds15415","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}