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Plain film myelographic studies showed a region of severe stenosis that was underappreciated on CT myelography due to a heterotopic bony lesion mimicking the dorsal aspect of a circumferentially patent thecal sac. When evaluating spinal stenosis under these circumstances, it is important to carefully consider plain myelographic images in addition to postmyelography CT images as the latter may underestimate the true degree of stenosis due to the potentially similar radiographic appearances of evolving BMP-2\u2013induced heterotopic bone and intrathecal contrast. Alternatively, comparison of sequentially acquired noncontrast CT scans with CT myelographic images may also assist in distinguishing BMP-2\u2013induced heterotopic bony lesions from the thecal sac. Further studies are needed to elucidate the roles of the available imaging techniques in this setting and to characterize the connection between the radiographic and histological appearances of BMP-2\u2013induced heterotopic bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.10.spine14854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T15:03:22Z","timestamp":1454079802000},"page":"857-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Imaging symptomatic bone morphogenetic protein-2\u2013induced heterotopic bone formation within the spinal canal: case report"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"Chryssikos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Crandall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Sansur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-spine14854","series-title":"Acta Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.623576","article-title":"Under-reported complications related to BMP use in spine surgery","volume":"82","author":"Aspenberg","year":"2011"},{"key":"b2-spine14854","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000048469.45035.B9","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of interbody fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2","volume":"28","author":"Burkus","year":"2003"},{"key":"b3-spine14854","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.04.023","article-title":"A critical review of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 trials in spinal surgery: emerging safety concerns and lessons learned","volume":"11","author":"Carragee","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4-spine14854","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.10.003","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-2 used in spinal fusion with spinal cord injury penetrates intrathecally and elicits a functional signaling cascade","volume":"10","author":"Dmitriev","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5-spine14854","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.05.002","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and spinal arthrodesis: the basic science perspective on protein interaction with the nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Dmitriev","year":"2011"},{"issue":"16 Suppl 1","key":"b6-spine14854","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208151-00004","article-title":"Mechanism for the action of bone morphogenetic proteins and regulation of their activity","volume":"27","author":"Ebara","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7-spine14854","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.76147","article-title":"Pros, cons, and costs of INFUSE in spinal surgery","volume":"2","author":"Epstein","year":"2011"},{"key":"b8-spine14854","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817fce91","article-title":"ISSLS prize winner: positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring interbody fusion with equine bone protein extract, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, and autograft","volume":"33","author":"Foldager","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-spine14854","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-12-201306180-00006","article-title":"Effectiveness and harms of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in spine fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"Fu","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10-spine14854","series-title":"Handbook of Neurosurgery","year":"2010"},{"key":"b11-spine14854","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01730","article-title":"High-dose rhBMP-2 for adults: major and minor complications: a study of 502 spine cases","volume":"95","author":"Mesfin","year":"2013"},{"key":"b12-spine14854","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.05.009","article-title":"Folly of FDA-approval studies for bone morphogenetic protein","volume":"11","author":"Mirza","year":"2011"},{"issue":"351","key":"b13-spine14854","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"252","article-title":"The Marshall R. 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