{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:07:16Z","timestamp":1790892436188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asymmetrical degeneration of the disc is one of the most common causes of primary degenerative scoliosis in adults. Coronal deformity is usually less symptomatic than a sagittal deformity because there is less expenditure of energy and hence less effort to maintain upright posture. However, nerve root compression at the fractional curve or at the concave side of the main curve can give rise to debilitating radiculopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with coronal deformity of between 10\u00b0 and 20\u00b0. All patients underwent endoscopic foraminal decompression surgery. The pre- and postoperative Cobb angle, visual analog scale (VAS), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Oswestry Disability Index scores were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average age of the patients was 70.0 \u00b1 15.5 years (mean \u00b1 SD, range 61\u201386 years), with a mean followup of 7.5 \u00b1 5.3 months (range 2\u201314 months). The average coronal deformity was 16.8\u00b0 \u00b1 4.7\u00b0 (range 10\u00b0\u201341\u00b0). In 8 patients the symptomatic foraminal stenosis was at the level of the fractional curve, and in the remaining patients it was at the concave side of the main curve. One of the patients included in the current cohort had to undergo a repeat operation within 1 week for another disc herniation at the adjacent level. One patient had CSF leakage, which was repaired intraoperatively, and no further complications were noted. On average, preoperative VAS and SF-36 scores showed a tendency for improvement, whereas a dramatic reduction of VAS, by 65% (p = 0.003), was observed in radicular leg pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with mild to moderate spinal deformity are often compensated and have tolerable levels of back pain. However, unilateral radicular pain resulting from foraminal stenosis can be debilitating. In select cases, an endoscopic discectomy or foraminotomy enables the surgeon to decompress the symptomatic foramen with preservation of essential biomechanical structures, delaying the need for a major deformity correction surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.focus15511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T03:36:55Z","timestamp":1454297815000},"page":"E6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Early experience with endoscopic foraminotomy in patients with moderate degenerative deformity"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Karthik","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Onn","family":"Chieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph P.","family":"Hofstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"b1-focus15511","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"320","article-title":"Posterolateral percutaneous endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy for L5-S1 foraminal or lateral exit zone stenosis. Technical note","volume":"99","author":"Ahn","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"124","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy: an advanced surgical technique and clinical outcomes","volume":"75","author":"Ahn","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"b3-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S75","article-title":"Degenerative spinal deformity","volume":"77","author":"Ailon","year":"2015"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b4-focus15511","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"346","article-title":"Extreme lateral interbody fusion for unilateral symptomatic vertical foraminal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Alimi","year":"2015"},{"key":"b5-focus15511","series-title":"Eur Spine J","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of osteotomies in adult spinal deformity: what happens in the first year?","author":"Ayhan","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6-focus15511","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults","volume":"303","author":"Deyo","year":"2010"},{"key":"b7-focus15511","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"427","article-title":"Facet-sparing decompression with a minimally invasive flexible microblade shaver: a prospective operative analysis","volume":"26","author":"Dickinson","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8-focus15511","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"730","article-title":"Endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy","volume":"22","author":"Evins","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9-focus15511","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Patients with adult spinal deformity treated operatively report greater baseline pain and disability than patients treated nonoperatively; however, deformities differ between age groups","volume":"39","author":"Fu","year":"2014"},{"key":"b10-focus15511","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Clinical success of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with foraminotomy: a retrospective evaluation","volume":"115","author":"Jasper","year":"2013"},{"key":"b11-focus15511","series-title":"Pain Physician","first-page":"225","article-title":"A retrospective evaluation of the clinical success of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with foraminotomy in geriatric patients","volume":"16","author":"Jasper","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"b12-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","article-title":"Introduction: Adult spinal deformity: pathophysiology and corrective measures","volume":"36","author":"Kanter","year":"2014"},{"key":"b13-focus15511","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"581","article-title":"Assessment of impact of standing long-cassette radiographs on surgical planning for lumbar pathology: an international survey of spine surgeons","volume":"23","author":"Maggio","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"b14-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"The minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery algorithm: a reproducible rational framework for decision making in minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery","volume":"36","author":"Mummaneni","year":"2014"},{"key":"b15-focus15511","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"2312","article-title":"Factors associated with long-term patient-reported outcomes after three-column osteotomies","volume":"15","author":"O'Neill","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16-focus15511","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"67","article-title":"Spinal fusion in the United States: analysis of trends from 1998 to 2008","volume":"37","author":"Rajaee","year":"2012"},{"key":"b17-focus15511","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1505","article-title":"Post-operative recovery following adult spinal deformity surgery: comparative analysis of age in 149 patients during 2 year follow up","volume":"40","author":"Scheer","year":"2015"},{"key":"b18-focus15511","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Scoliosis Research Society\u2014Schwab adult spinal deformity classification: a validation study","volume":"37","author":"Schwab","year":"2012"},{"key":"b19-focus15511","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"349","article-title":"Comparison of best versus worst clinical outcomes for adult spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective review of a prospectively collected, multicenter database with 2-year follow-up","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2015"},{"key":"b20-focus15511","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"656","article-title":"Impact of obesity on complications, infection, and patient-reported outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery","volume":"23","author":"Soroceanu","year":"2015"},{"key":"b21-focus15511","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"62","article-title":"Endoscopic foraminotomy for recurrent lumbar radiculopathy after TLIF: technical report","volume":"6","author":"Telfeian","year":"2015"},{"key":"b22-focus15511","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E671","article-title":"Anatomic changes in lateral spondylolisthesis associated with adult lumbar scoliosis","volume":"30","author":"Toyone","year":"2005"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"b23-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S46","article-title":"The burden of spinal disorders in the elderly","volume":"77","author":"Waldrop","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b24-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","article-title":"Less invasive mini-open adult spinal deformity surgery","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2013"},{"key":"b25-focus15511","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"843.e11","article-title":"Mini-open pedicle subtraction osteotomy: surgical technique","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2014"},{"key":"b26-focus15511","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"193","article-title":"A minimally invasive technique for L5-S1 intra-foraminal disc herniations: microdiscectomy with a tubular retractor via a contralateral approach","volume":"8","author":"Yeom","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"b1-focus15511","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"320","article-title":"Posterolateral percutaneous endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy for L5-S1 foraminal or lateral exit zone stenosis. 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year?","author":"Ayhan","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6-focus15511","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults","volume":"303","author":"Deyo","year":"2010"},{"key":"b7-focus15511","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"427","article-title":"Facet-sparing decompression with a minimally invasive flexible microblade shaver: a prospective operative analysis","volume":"26","author":"Dickinson","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8-focus15511","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"730","article-title":"Endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy","volume":"22","author":"Evins","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9-focus15511","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Patients with adult spinal deformity treated operatively report greater baseline pain and disability than patients treated nonoperatively; however, deformities differ between age 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Int","first-page":"62","article-title":"Endoscopic foraminotomy for recurrent lumbar radiculopathy after TLIF: technical report","volume":"6","author":"Telfeian","year":"2015"},{"key":"b22-focus15511","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E671","article-title":"Anatomic changes in lateral spondylolisthesis associated with adult lumbar scoliosis","volume":"30","author":"Toyone","year":"2005"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"b23-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S46","article-title":"The burden of spinal disorders in the elderly","volume":"77","author":"Waldrop","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b24-focus15511","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","article-title":"Less invasive mini-open adult spinal deformity surgery","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2013"},{"key":"b25-focus15511","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"843.e11","article-title":"Mini-open pedicle subtraction osteotomy: surgical technique","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2014"},{"key":"b26-focus15511","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"193","article-title":"A minimally invasive technique for L5-S1 intra-foraminal disc herniations: microdiscectomy with a tubular retractor via a contralateral approach","volume":"8","author":"Yeom","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/40\/2\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/40\/2\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/40\/2\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:30:51Z","timestamp":1779525051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/40\/2\/article-pE6.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.11.focus15511","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}}}