{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T06:40:10Z","timestamp":1770446410171,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nPituitary MR imaging fails to detect over 50% of microadenomas in Cushing's disease and nearly 80% of cases of dural microinvasion. Surface coils can generate exceptionally high-resolution images of the immediately adjacent tissues. To improve imaging of the pituitary gland, a receive-only surface coil that can be placed within the sphenoid sinus (the endosphenoidal coil [ESC]) during transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) was developed and assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMETHODS<\/jats:title>\nFive cadaver heads were used for preclinical testing of the ESC. The ESC (a double-turn, 12-mm-diameter surface coil made from 1-mm-diameter copper wire) was developed to obtain images in a 1.5-T MR scanner. The ESC was placed (via a standard sublabial TSS approach) on the anterior sella face. Clinical MR scans were obtained using the 8-channel head coil and ESC as the receiver coils. Using the ESC, ultra\u2013high-resolution, 3D, balanced fast field echo (BFFE) and T1-weighted imaging were performed at resolutions of 0.25 \u00d7 0.25 \u00d7 0.50 mm3<\/jats:sup> and 0.15 \u00d7 0.15 \u00d7 0.30 mm3<\/jats:sup>, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nRegion-of-interest analysis indicated a 10-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the pituitary when using the ESC compared with the 8-channel head coil. ESC-related improvements (p < 0.01) in the SNR were inversely proportional to the distance from the ESC tip to the anterior pituitary gland surface. High-resolution BFFE MR imaging obtained using ESC revealed a number of anatomical features critical to pituitary surgery that were not visible on 8-channel MR imaging, including the pituitary capsule, the intercavernous sinus, and microcalcifications in the pars intermedia. These ESC imaging findings were confirmed by the pathological correlation with whole-mount pituitary sections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nCONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\nESC can significantly improve SNR in the sellar region intraoperatively using current 1.5-T MR imaging platforms. Improvement in SNR can provide images of the sella and surrounding structures with unprecedented resolution. Clinical use of this ESC may allow for MR imaging detection of previously occult pituitary adenomas and identify microscopic invasion of the dura or cavernous sinus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.jns151465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T14:00:07Z","timestamp":1458309607000},"page":"1451-1459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Endosphenoidal coil for intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland during transsphenoidal surgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Prashant","family":"Chittiboina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lalith Talagala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH MRI Research Facility;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hellmut","family":"Merkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joelle E.","family":"Sarlls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH MRI Research Facility;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blake K.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin G.","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhik","family":"Ray-Chaudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell R.","family":"Lonser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward H.","family":"Oldfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan P.","family":"Koretsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Butman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Imaging Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns151465","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/283167a0","article-title":"Mapping of metabolites in whole animals by 31P NMR using surface coils","volume":"283","author":"Ackerman","year":"1980"},{"key":"b2-jns151465","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199801000-00016","article-title":"Trans-sellar color Doppler ultrasonography during transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"42","author":"Arita","year":"1998"},{"key":"b3-jns151465","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5593","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030871","article-title":"Diagnosis and complications of Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement","volume":"88","author":"Arnaldi","year":"2003"},{"key":"b4-jns151465","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199710000-00013","article-title":"Development and implementation of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and its neurosurgical applications","volume":"41","author":"Black","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5-jns151465","series-title":"Endocrine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9752-6","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging during surgery for pituitary adenomas: pros and cons","volume":"42","author":"Buchfelder","year":"2012"},{"key":"b6-jns151465","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2013.06.003","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus for the assessment of cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenomas","volume":"40","author":"Cao","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-jns151465","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.6.1343","article-title":"Basis of persistent and recurrent Cushing disease: an analysis of findings at repeated pituitary surgery","volume":"97","author":"Dickerman","year":"2002"},{"key":"b8-jns151465","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.1.8208921","article-title":"Intraoperative US of the pituitary gland. 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