{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:23:42Z","timestamp":1794324222755,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an effective treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus and avoids the risk for foreign-body infection associated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. The short-term failure rate of ETV strongly depends on the indications for its use but is generally thought to be lower in the long term than that of VP shunts. However, few studies are available with long-term follow-up data of ETV for hydrocephalus in children. The authors reviewed the long-term success of ETV at their institution to investigate the rate of any late failures of this procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Between April 1998 and June 2006, 113 children (including neonates and children up to 16 years old) had primary or secondary ETV for different causes of hydrocephalus. The patients' medical records and the authors' electronic operation database were reviewed for evidence of additional surgery (i.e., repeat ETV or VP shunt insertion). These records were checked at both the pediatric and adult neurosurgical hospitals for those patients who had their care transferred to adult services.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The median length of follow-up was 8.25 years (range 1 month to 16 years). Long-term follow-up data for 96 patients were available, 47 (49%) of whom had additional ETV or VP shunt insertion for ETV failure. Twenty patients (21%) had a second procedure within 1 month, 17 patients (18%) between 1 and 12 months, 7 patients (7%) between 1 and 5 years, and 3 patients (3%) between 5 and 8 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n In the authors' series, ETV had an initial early failure rate for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus as reported previously, and this rate significantly depended on patient age and hydrocephalus etiology. Once stabilized and effective, ETV appeared to be durable but not guaranteed, and some late decline in effectiveness was observed, with some ETV failures occurring many years later. Thus, successful ETV in children cannot be guaranteed for life, and some form of follow-up is recommended long term into adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.peds15212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1455271408000},"page":"734-738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Long-term follow-up of endoscopic third ventriculostomy performed in the pediatric population"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Stovell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheed","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Ellenbogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew J.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Jenkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Hayhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor L.","family":"Mallucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds15212","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2122-8","article-title":"An external validation of the ETVSS for both short-term and long-term predictive adequacy in 104 pediatric patients","volume":"29","author":"Breimer","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"b2-peds15212","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"e3","article-title":"Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children","volume":"6","author":"Cinalli","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3-peds15212","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.8.PEDS1166","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of childhood hydrocephalus: validation of a success score that predicts long-term outcome","volume":"8","author":"Durnford","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4-peds15212","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3171\/PED.2008.2.11.298","article-title":"Intraoperative assessment of endoscopic third ventriculostomy success","volume":"2","author":"Greenfield","year":"2008"},{"key":"b5-peds15212","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.10.JNS17667","article-title":"The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adult patients with hydrocephalus","volume":"110","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2009"},{"key":"b6-peds15212","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000159712.48093.AD","article-title":"Long-term reliability of endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"56","author":"Kadrian","year":"2005"},{"key":"b7-peds15212","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000055960","article-title":"Long-term follow-up data from the Shunt Design Trial","volume":"33","author":"Kestle","year":"2000"},{"key":"b8-peds15212","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000373199.79462.21","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy vs cerebrospinal fluid shunt in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children: a propensity score-adjusted analysis","volume":"67","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2010"},{"key":"b9-peds15212","series-title":"J Neurosurg 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