{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:08:03Z","timestamp":1785838083011,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands, receptors, and soluble inhibitors in cells isolated from single-suture synostoses from fused coronal, metopic, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cells were isolated from bone collected from patients undergoing craniotomies at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA levels in cells isolated from fused sutures or patent sutures in comparison with levels in normal bone from the same patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cells isolated from fused sutures in cases of sagittal and coronal synostosis highly expressed <jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic>, while cells isolated from fused metopic or lambdoid synostosis expressed high <jats:italic>BMP4<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Noggin<\/jats:italic>, a BMP inhibitor, was lower in fused sutures and had high expression in patent sutures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that BMPs and inhibitors play a significant role in the regulation of suture fusion as well in the maintenance of patency in the normal suture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.12.peds15414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T13:57:47Z","timestamp":1459519067000},"page":"83-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differential spatial regulation of BMP molecules is associated with single-suture craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alaina","family":"Whitton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Hyzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Britt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph K.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara D.","family":"Boyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;"},{"name":"Wallace H. 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