{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:10:15Z","timestamp":1779527415985,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the calvarial sutures fuses prematurely. In addition to the cosmetic ramifications attributable to premature suture fusion, aberrations in neurophysiological parameters are seen, which may result in more significant damage. This work examines the microstructural integrity of white matter, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a homogeneous strain of rabbits with simple, familial coronal suture synostosis before and after surgical correction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n \n After diagnosis, rabbits were assigned to different groups: wild-type (WT), rabbits with early-onset complete fusion of the coronal suture (BC), and rabbits that had undergone surgical correction with suturectomy (BC-SU) at 10 days of age. Fixed rabbit heads were imaged at 12, 25, or 42 days of life using a 4.7-T, 40-cm bore Avance scanner with a 7.2-cm radiofrequency coil. For DTI, a 3D spin echo sequence was used with a diffusion gradient (b = 2000 sec\/mm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) applied in 6 directions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n As age increased from 12 to 42 days, the DTI differences between WT and BC groups became more pronounced (p < 0.05, 1-way ANOVA), especially in the corpus callosum, cingulum, and fimbriae. Suturectomy resulted in rabbits with no significant differences compared with WT animals, as assessed by DTI of white matter tracts. Also, it was possible to predict to which group an animal belonged (WT, BC, and BC-SU) with high accuracy based on imaging data alone using a linear support vector machine classifier. The ability to predict to which group the animal belonged improved as the age of the animal increased (71% accurate at 12 days and 100% accurate at 42 days).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Craniosynostosis results in characteristic changes of major white matter tracts, with differences becoming more apparent as the age of the rabbits increases. Early suturectomy (at 10 days of life) appears to mitigate these differences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.2.focus14849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T03:36:59Z","timestamp":1430451419000},"page":"E3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The influence of surgical correction on white matter microstructural integrity in rabbits with familial coronal suture craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Bonfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley M.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinjini","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Fellows-Mayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Kevin","family":"Hitchens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research and"},{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering and"},{"name":"Biological Science, Carnegie Mellon University; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo K.","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Grandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Oral Biology, Anthropology, Plastic Surgery, Orthodontics, and Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"385","article-title":"Longitudinal comparison of pre- and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging parameters in young children with hydrocephalus","volume":"5","author":"Air","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2-focus14849","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1717","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging in hydrocephalus: initial experience","volume":"27","author":"Assaf","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"690","article-title":"Altered brain connectivity in sagittal craniosynostosis","volume":"13","author":"Beckett","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4-focus14849","series-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci","first-page":"289","article-title":"The role of diffusion tensor imaging in the study of cognitive aging","volume":"11","author":"Carmichael","year":"2012"},{"key":"b5-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"314","article-title":"Brain growth rates in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"36","author":"Cooper","year":"1999"},{"key":"b6-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1886","article-title":"Intracranial volume changes in craniosynostotic rabbits: effects of age and surgical correction","volume":"117","author":"Cooper","year":"2006"},{"key":"b7-focus14849","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Noggin inhibits postoperative resynostosis in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2007"},{"key":"b8-focus14849","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"64","article-title":"The effects of brain tissue decomposition on diffusion tensor imaging and tractography","volume":"36","author":"D\u2019Arceuil","year":"2007"},{"key":"b9-focus14849","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"553","article-title":"An approach to high resolution diffusion tensor imaging in fixed primate brain","volume":"35","author":"D\u2019Arceuil","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"38","article-title":"Positron emission tomography studies confirm the need for early surgical intervention in patients with single-suture craniosynostosis","volume":"10","author":"David","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"177","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion defects secondary to simple craniosynostosis","volume":"7","author":"David","year":"1996"},{"key":"b12-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"159","article-title":"Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis","volume":"70","author":"Delashaw","year":"1989"},{"key":"b13-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"557","article-title":"Intracranial pressure changes in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"113","author":"Fellows-Mayle","year":"2004"},{"key":"b14-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"370","article-title":"Age-related changes in in- tracranial pressure in rabbits with uncorrected familial coronal suture synostosis","volume":"37","author":"Fellows-Mayle","year":"2000"},{"key":"b15-focus14849","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"534","article-title":"Assessment of white matter microstructural integrity in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: a diffusion-tensor imaging study","volume":"261","author":"Florisson","year":"2011"},{"key":"b16-focus14849","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"861","article-title":"Age-related peridural hyperemia in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"25","author":"Foley","year":"2009"},{"key":"b17-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"377","article-title":"Intracranial pressure and intracranial volume in children with craniosynosto- sis","volume":"90","author":"Gault","year":"1992"},{"key":"b18-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"292","article-title":"Morbidity associated with increased intracranial pressure in Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes: the need for long-term evaluation","volume":"97","author":"Gosain","year":"1996"},{"key":"b19-focus14849","series-title":"NMR Biomed","first-page":"77","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging in fixed brain tissue at 7.0 T","volume":"16","author":"Guilfoyle","year":"2003"},{"key":"b20-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"377","article-title":"Multisite study of infants with single-suture craniosynostosis: preliminary report of presurgery development","volume":"42","author":"Kapp-Simon","year":"2005"},{"key":"b21-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"486","article-title":"Early neuromotor behavior in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"40","author":"Mitchell","year":"2003"},{"key":"b22-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Increased intracranial pressure after coronal suturectomy in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"10","author":"Mooney","year":"1999"},{"key":"b23-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Anti-TGF-b2 antibody therapy inhibits postoperative resynostosis in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"119","author":"Mooney","year":"2007"},{"key":"b24-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"336","article-title":"Postoperative anti-Tgf-b2 antibody therapy improves intracranial volume and craniofacial growth in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"18","author":"Mooney","year":"2007"},{"key":"b25-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"8","article-title":"Development of a strain of rabbits with congenital simple nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis. Part II: Somatic and craniofacial growth patterns","volume":"31","author":"Mooney","year":"1994"},{"key":"b26-focus14849","series-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther","first-page":"279","article-title":"Cyto- kine therapy for craniosynostosis","volume":"4","author":"Mooney","year":"2004"},{"key":"b27-focus14849","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"247","article-title":"A rabbit model of human familial, nonsyndromic unicoronal suture synostosis. II. Intracranial contents, intracranial volume, and intracranial pressure","volume":"14","author":"Mooney","year":"1998"},{"key":"b28-focus14849","series-title":"Understanding Craniofacial Anomalies: The Etiopathogenesis of Craniosynostosis and Facial Clefting","first-page":"209","article-title":"Animal models of craniosynostosis: experimental, congenital, and transgenic models","author":"Mooney","year":"2002"},{"key":"b29-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1492","article-title":"Neurodevelopment in children with single-suture craniosynostosis and plagiocephaly without synostosis","volume":"108","author":"Panchal","year":"2001"},{"key":"b30-focus14849","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"90","article-title":"Cranial base changes following coronal suturectomy in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"5","author":"Putz","year":"2002"},{"key":"b31-focus14849","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"645","article-title":"Management of craniosynostoses","volume":"16","author":"Renier","year":"2000"},{"key":"b32-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"727","article-title":"Intracranial venous sinus hypertension: cause or consequence of hydrocephalus in infants?","volume":"60","author":"Sainte-Rose","year":"1984"},{"key":"b33-focus14849","series-title":"Atlas of the Rabbit Brain and Spinal Cord","author":"Shek","year":"1986"},{"key":"b34-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"170e","article-title":"Cranial sutures: a brief review","volume":"121","author":"Slater","year":"2008"},{"key":"b35-focus14849","series-title":"Magn Reson Med","first-page":"743","article-title":"Relative indices of water diffusion anisotropy are equivalent in live and formalin-fixed mouse brains","volume":"50","author":"Sun","year":"2003"},{"key":"b36-focus14849","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"913","article-title":"Intracranial pressure monitoring in children with single suture and complex craniosynostosis: a review","volume":"21","author":"Tamburrini","year":"2005"},{"key":"b37-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"568","article-title":"Diffusion-tensor imaging of white matter tracts in patients with cerebral neoplasm","volume":"97","author":"Witwer","year":"2002"},{"key":"b38-focus14849","series-title":"Magn Reson Med","first-page":"750","article-title":"In vivo and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging of cuprizone- induced demyelination in the mouse corpus callosum","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"key":"b1-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"385","article-title":"Longitudinal comparison of pre- and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging parameters in young children with hydrocephalus","volume":"5","author":"Air","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2-focus14849","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1717","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging in hydrocephalus: initial experience","volume":"27","author":"Assaf","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"690","article-title":"Altered brain connectivity in sagittal craniosynostosis","volume":"13","author":"Beckett","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4-focus14849","series-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci","first-page":"289","article-title":"The role of diffusion tensor imaging in the study of cognitive aging","volume":"11","author":"Carmichael","year":"2012"},{"key":"b5-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"314","article-title":"Brain growth rates in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"36","author":"Cooper","year":"1999"},{"key":"b6-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1886","article-title":"Intracranial volume changes in craniosynostotic rabbits: effects of age and surgical correction","volume":"117","author":"Cooper","year":"2006"},{"key":"b7-focus14849","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Noggin inhibits postoperative resynostosis in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2007"},{"key":"b8-focus14849","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"64","article-title":"The effects of brain tissue decomposition on diffusion tensor imaging and tractography","volume":"36","author":"D\u2019Arceuil","year":"2007"},{"key":"b9-focus14849","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"553","article-title":"An approach to high resolution diffusion tensor imaging in fixed primate brain","volume":"35","author":"D\u2019Arceuil","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"38","article-title":"Positron emission tomography studies confirm the need for early surgical intervention in patients with single-suture craniosynostosis","volume":"10","author":"David","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"177","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion defects secondary to simple craniosynostosis","volume":"7","author":"David","year":"1996"},{"key":"b12-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"159","article-title":"Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis","volume":"70","author":"Delashaw","year":"1989"},{"key":"b13-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"557","article-title":"Intracranial pressure changes in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"113","author":"Fellows-Mayle","year":"2004"},{"key":"b14-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"370","article-title":"Age-related changes in in- tracranial pressure in rabbits with uncorrected familial coronal suture synostosis","volume":"37","author":"Fellows-Mayle","year":"2000"},{"key":"b15-focus14849","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"534","article-title":"Assessment of white matter microstructural integrity in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: a diffusion-tensor imaging study","volume":"261","author":"Florisson","year":"2011"},{"key":"b16-focus14849","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"861","article-title":"Age-related peridural hyperemia in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"25","author":"Foley","year":"2009"},{"key":"b17-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"377","article-title":"Intracranial pressure and intracranial volume in children with craniosynosto- sis","volume":"90","author":"Gault","year":"1992"},{"key":"b18-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"292","article-title":"Morbidity associated with increased intracranial pressure in Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes: the need for long-term evaluation","volume":"97","author":"Gosain","year":"1996"},{"key":"b19-focus14849","series-title":"NMR Biomed","first-page":"77","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging in fixed brain tissue at 7.0 T","volume":"16","author":"Guilfoyle","year":"2003"},{"key":"b20-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"377","article-title":"Multisite study of infants with single-suture craniosynostosis: preliminary report of presurgery development","volume":"42","author":"Kapp-Simon","year":"2005"},{"key":"b21-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"486","article-title":"Early neuromotor behavior in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"40","author":"Mitchell","year":"2003"},{"key":"b22-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Increased intracranial pressure after coronal suturectomy in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"10","author":"Mooney","year":"1999"},{"key":"b23-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Anti-TGF-b2 antibody therapy inhibits postoperative resynostosis in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"119","author":"Mooney","year":"2007"},{"key":"b24-focus14849","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"336","article-title":"Postoperative anti-Tgf-b2 antibody therapy improves intracranial volume and craniofacial growth in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"18","author":"Mooney","year":"2007"},{"key":"b25-focus14849","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"8","article-title":"Development of a strain of rabbits with congenital simple nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis. 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Intracranial contents, intracranial volume, and intracranial pressure","volume":"14","author":"Mooney","year":"1998"},{"key":"b28-focus14849","series-title":"Understanding Craniofacial Anomalies: The Etiopathogenesis of Craniosynostosis and Facial Clefting","first-page":"209","article-title":"Animal models of craniosynostosis: experimental, congenital, and transgenic models","author":"Mooney","year":"2002"},{"key":"b29-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1492","article-title":"Neurodevelopment in children with single-suture craniosynostosis and plagiocephaly without synostosis","volume":"108","author":"Panchal","year":"2001"},{"key":"b30-focus14849","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"90","article-title":"Cranial base changes following coronal suturectomy in craniosynostotic rabbits","volume":"5","author":"Putz","year":"2002"},{"key":"b31-focus14849","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"645","article-title":"Management of craniosynostoses","volume":"16","author":"Renier","year":"2000"},{"key":"b32-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"727","article-title":"Intracranial venous sinus hypertension: cause or consequence of hydrocephalus in infants?","volume":"60","author":"Sainte-Rose","year":"1984"},{"key":"b33-focus14849","series-title":"Atlas of the Rabbit Brain and Spinal Cord","author":"Shek","year":"1986"},{"key":"b34-focus14849","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"170e","article-title":"Cranial sutures: a brief review","volume":"121","author":"Slater","year":"2008"},{"key":"b35-focus14849","series-title":"Magn Reson Med","first-page":"743","article-title":"Relative indices of water diffusion anisotropy are equivalent in live and formalin-fixed mouse brains","volume":"50","author":"Sun","year":"2003"},{"key":"b36-focus14849","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"913","article-title":"Intracranial pressure monitoring in children with single suture and complex craniosynostosis: a review","volume":"21","author":"Tamburrini","year":"2005"},{"key":"b37-focus14849","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"568","article-title":"Diffusion-tensor imaging of white matter tracts in patients with cerebral neoplasm","volume":"97","author":"Witwer","year":"2002"},{"key":"b38-focus14849","series-title":"Magn Reson Med","first-page":"750","article-title":"In vivo and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging of cuprizone- induced demyelination in the mouse corpus callosum","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/38\/5\/article-pE3.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/38\/5\/article-pE3.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/38\/5\/article-pE3.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:49:42Z","timestamp":1779526182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/38\/5\/article-pE3.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.2.focus14849","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}}}